bilingualism

n. This term describes the ability to function in two or more languages in everyday life. Each language may be used in different circumstances and for different purposes. Degree of proficiency may vary in each language. Proficiency may be assessed using standardized measures for language aptitude and language ability. Simultaneous or compound bilinguals are individuals who have learned their languages at the same time, prior to age 3. These individuals may also be referred to as early bilinguals. Coordinate bilingualism occurs when one language was learned in a separate location and at a later time than the first or native language. These individuals are also referred to as late bilinguals. Overall, individuals may not possess equal fluency in both languages but can communicate and are competent in two or more languages. This term also describes individuals who have learned one or more foreign languages while still retaining their native language.

- JA

► see also BALANCED BILINGUAL and BILINGUAL