F
face (concept of)
n. The public image of one's self and especially social perceptions of one's moral character and ...
face recognition
n. The capacity to recognize an individual by perceiving her/his face linked to the fusiform area...
face validity
n. In testing, face validity refers to the degree to which the test resembles the variable being ...
facial nerve
n. Either of the seventh pair of cranial nerves, which control most of the muscles of the face, t...
facilitated communication
n. 1. A controversial technique in which facilitators help a person whose disabilities prevent hi...
factitious disorder
n. The intentional imitation or cause of the symptoms of a physical or mental disorder by the per...
factor
n. 1. In experimental design, any variable that may affect or cause a result. 2. In factor analys...
factor analysis
n. Any of a set of analytic techniques applied to a group of observed variables seeking to discov...
factor, fixed
n. A quasi-independent variable whose values are determined by external circumstances. Thus biolo...
factorial analysis of variance
n. An analysis of variance which compares the between-groups differences in the dependent variabl...
factorial design
n. An experimental design in which two or more independent variables are simultaneously and syste...
factorial invariance
n. The degree to which the results of a factor analysis remain unchanged when the analysis is rep...
factor loading
n. A numerical index reflecting the degree of relatedness between observed variables and a factor...
factor matrix
n. A tabular presentation of the factor loadings or intercorrelations which emerge from a factor ...
factor rotation
n. In factor analysis, the shifting of factors to a new configuration which satisfies an a priori...
factor structure
n. The set of relationships of the factors derived in a factor analysis.
faculty psychology
n. An archaic approach to psychology in which the functions of mind are divided into specialized ...
failure to thrive
n. A general decline in weight, responsiveness, and development in a child under 2 years of age a...
false alarm
n. In signal detection theory, the prediction of the presence of a stimulus when the stimulus is ...
false consensus effect
n. False consensus effect is people's overestimation of the extent to which others are similar to...
false memory
n. A distorted or fabricated memory sometimes produced in situations in which demands are made to...
false memory syndrome
n. The distorted or fabricated memory of having been sexually or physically abused during childho...
false negative
n. In signal detection theory, a report of no signal when a signal is actually present.
false positive
n. A positive result on a test when the condition or situation is actually not present. In medica...
false uniqueness effect
n. The observation that most people falsely believe themselves to have abilities, positive charac...
falsifiable
adj. Having the capacity to be proved wrong. All scientific theories must be falsifiable or they ...
family resemblance
n. In the study of categorization, the idea that category members are recognizable through a vari...
family therapy
n. Any form of psychotherapy that takes the family as the unit of therapy and focuses on patterns...
F distribution
n. A graphic representation of the frequency distribution of the F statistic or ratio of the betw...
fear of success
n. Anxiety connected with accomplishment or being seen as a success by other people, which may le...
feature detection theory
n. 1. In perception, the idea that the visual and perhaps other sensory systems have individual d...
feature detector
n. A hypothetical neural structure that responds to stimulation from a particular kind of feature...
Fechner's law
n. The idea that the perceived intensity of a sensation increases as the log of the physical inte...
Fechner's paradox
n. An increase in the apparent brightness of an object when looking at it with one eye after havi...
feedback loop
n. In cybernetic theory, the communication between a sensor and an on-off switch which controls a...
female orgasmic disorder
n. A recurrent delay in or inability to reach orgasm after becoming sexually excited. Women vary ...
female sexual arousal disorder
n. A persistent or recurrent inability to attain and maintain sufficient swelling and lubrication...
femininity
n. The state of embodying or displaying the characteristic appearance, traits, and behavior patte...
feral child
n. A child who is supposed to have been raised by wild animals or otherwise raised largely in iso...
fertilization
n. The process of union of an ovum and a sperm cell which produces a zygote. This occurs in the f...
fetal alcohol syndrome
n. (FAS) A highly variable syndrome of low birth weight, retarded growth, abnormalities in the cr...
fetish
n. 1. An object toward which an individual feels strong sexual arousal which is not usual within ...
field dependence-independence
n. A dimension of cognitive style in which a person is placed on a continuum of using external or...
field experiment
n. An arrangement of conditions and procedures which allows observations of the relationships bet...
field research
n. A research methodology that requires observation of target phenomena in a natural setting (in ...
field theory
n. In psychology, a system of thought in which phenomena are explained in terms of the interrelat...
figure-ground
n. A pair of terms used to describe the aspect of perception in which part of the perceptual fiel...
figure-ground organization
n. The aspect of perception in which part of the perceptual field stands out distinctly while the...
figure-ground reversal
n. The capacity of the human sensory system to change focus within a perceptual field so that fir...
figure, impossible
n. A two-dimensional picture or drawing which uses visual cues to suggest an object with mutually...
file drawer problem
n. In psychology as well as most sciences, the fact that most studies are not published (existing...
filial piety
n. Love and respect for one's parents and ancestors; the code of behavior which derives from it w...
filled pause
n. A hesitation in speech which is filled by a meaningless sound or word sound, such as um or er ...
filter theory
n. 1. A description of mate selection in which possible mates are ruled out in a stepwise fashion...
finger spelling
n. The process of spelling out words using the hands to make the shape of letters, which is used ...
Fisher's exact test
n. A test of the significance of relationship between two categorical variables which makes no as...
Fisher's r to z transformation
n. A mathematical transformation of the product-moment correlation into a z score which is normal...
fissure
n. 1. In physiology, the deep grooves in the brain which markedly increase its surface area and s...
fit, goodness of
n. An index of the degree to which a theoretical or mathematical projection of a variable fits ac...
five factor model
► See BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS
fixation
n. 1. In visual perception, the process of becoming focused on a particular thing or the thing on...
fixed-action pattern
n. A species-specific behavioral sequence that is exhibited by all members of a species (unless s...
fixed effects model
n. A statistical model that stipulates that the units under analysis (people in a trial or study ...
fixed-interval schedule
n. In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement in which a target behavior is reinforced ...
fixedness, functional
n. The state of having a particular mind-set which does not include all aspects of the situation ...
fixed-ratio schedule
n. In operant conditioning, a reinforcement pattern in which the target behavior is reinforced on...
flashback
n. 1. A short period of reliving the state of intoxication previously experienced under the influ...
flashbulb memory
n. A vivid episodic memory of an emotionally significant event in which the person subjectively b...
flavor
n. The perceptual quality of food or drink, which is a combination of taste, smell, texture, temp...
flight-or-fight response
n. A term for the stress response identified by Walter Cannon in 1939. In response to a threat or...
flooding
n. A procedure in behavior therapy in which an individual is confronted with the thing he or she ...
floor effect
n. In measurement and statistics, a lower limit of a variable which skews the distribution of sco...
fluid intelligence
n. The ability to adapt to new knowledge or information and think in flexible ways. Fluid intelli...
fluphenazine
n. An antipsychotic drug of the pheno- thiozine group of drugs which is soluble in oil and often ...
Flynn effect
n. The Flynn effect is the continued rise in intelligence test scores from generation to generati...
fMRI
n. The use of an MRI to detect which brain areas are active while performing different tasks by d...
folie a deux
n. A delusion shared by two individuals. The individuals involved usually share a close relations...
folk psychology
n. 1. The common beliefs of persons in any culture about the workings of the mind and their inter...
follicle-stimulating hormone
n. (FSH) A hormone produced in the pituitary gland that migrates to the gonads. It stimulates the...
foot-candle
n. A unit of measure of the intensity of light, now largely replaced by the lux, so that 1 foot- ...
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
n. A manipulative technique for gaining compliance in which a small and socially common request i...
foot-in-the-door technique
n. The foot-in-the-door (FITD) technique is used to elicit a desired behavior via a two-step proc...
foramen magnum
n. The large opening at the bottom of the skull through which the spinal cord and vertebral arter...
forced-choice
n. A task format in which a subject must choose one of a preset number of choices such as true-fa...
forebrain
n. The front part of the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal...
foreign language effect
n. A temporary decline in the thinking ability of people who are using a foreign language in whic...
foreign language processing difficulties
n. Problems associated with learning in a foreign language, such as taking more time to respond a...
forensic psychology
n. The branch of psychology that applies the theories, techniques, and findings of psychology to ...
forgetting
n. The process of losing information from memory.
formal operations stage
n. In Piagetian psychology, the last stage in the intellectual development, characterized by logi...
form constancy
n. The tendency of humans to perceive that the shape of an object remains constant despite the fa...
fornix
n. 1. In psychology, the arching neural tract between the hippocampus and the mammillary bodies o...
forward masking
n. Forward masking is a form of masking in which the mask (an image, a tone, or a chemical) tempo...
fourfold-point correlation
n. A linear index of the degree of relationship between two dichotomous and randomly distributed ...
Fourier analysis
n. A mathematical process in which any extended pattern ofvariability can be reduced to a series ...
fovea
n. A small depression in the retina of the eye in which light receptor cells (cones and some rods...
fragile X chromosome syndrome
n. A genetic defect in which the long arm of the X chromosome often breaks off, leading to mental...
framing
n. The process of constructing the mental set or context within which experience and thought occu...
framing effect
n. The limiting and directing effects of adopting a particular mental set.
fraternal twins
n. Two children who develop from different zygotes, share their mother's womb during gestation, a...
F ratio
n. In an analysis of variance, a ratio of the between-groups variance divided by the with- in-gro...
free association
n. The process of verbalizing whatever enters the mind without censorship or conscious selection ...
free-floating anxiety
n. Vague and chronic fear without object or apparent cause. This is a usual symptom of generalize...
free nerve ending
n. The branched ending of the axon of a neuron located primarily in the skin, which is believed t...
free operant
n. Any response that may be emitted at any time in a particular situation before any schedules of...
free recall
n. A memory task in which people are asked to remember particular information in any order with m...
free response
n. Any behavior that may be emitted at any time in a particular situation before any schedules of...
free will
n. The idea or belief that individual people have volition and the capacity to choose their own c...
frequency
n. 1. The number of regularly periodic waveforms that occur in a given amount of time. A normal h...
frequency distribution
n. A graphic representation of the number of occurrences at each level of a variable, usually arr...
frequency polygon
n. A graphic representation of the number of occurrences at each level of a variable, usually arr...
frequency theory
n. A theory of pitch perception in which it is supposed that the ear converts air pressure waves ...
Freudian
adj. Of or relating to Sigmund Freud, his theories, or his works.
frigidity
n. For a woman, the state of lacking sexual desire or being unable to reach orgasm. This is a non...
frontal lobe
n. The part of the cerebral cortex in front of the central sulcus which is involved in executive ...
frontal lobe syndrome
n. Usually used as synonymous with dysexecutive syndrome. It is also referred to as prefrontal sy...
frontal lobotomy
n. A surgical procedure in which the connections between the frontal lobe and the rest of the bra...
frontal section
n. A vertical cross section through the brain that divides the front or anterior portion from the...
front horizontal foreshortening theory
n. The idea that in viewing drawings, pictures, or other two-dimensional representations of thing...
frotteurism
n. A sexual behavior in which sexual arousal is achieved through touching or rubbing up against a...
frozen noise
n. A recorded sample of white noise that is played over and over again in experiments in which it...
frustration
n. 1. The blocking of or preventing the success of attempts to obtain something desirable. 2. Th...
frustration-aggression hypothesis
n. The idea that all aggression has as its motivation some form of frustration and that all frust...
F scale
n. On the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), a scale composed of items which are...
F statistic
n. In an analysis of variance, a ratio of the between-groups variance divided by the within-group...
F test
n. In an analysis of variance, the ratio of the between-groups variance divided by the with- in-g...
fugue
n. A disorder characterized by sudden unplanned flight from one's usual circumstances, coupled wi...
Fullerton-Cattell law
n. The idea that the minimal amount of change in stimulus intensity needed to be detectable by hu...
functional
adj. 1. Of or relating to utility rather than structure. 2. In psychological and medical disorder...
functional analysis
n. 1. An analysis of a complex system to determine the functions of the varied aspects of the sys...
functional analysis of behavior
n. An analysis of an individual's behaviors and the schedules of reinforcement that maintain beha...
functional autonomy
n. The tendency for motives and ideas to become independent of the circumstances in which they we...
functional fixedness
n. A mental block against using an object in a new way that is required to solve a problem. The s...
functionalism
n. A general point of view in psychology that analyzes mental and behavioral phenomena in terms o...
functional magnetic resonance imaging
n. (fMRI) The use of an MRI to detect which brain areas are active while performing different tas...
functional MRI
► See FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
functional psychology
n. A general point of view in psychology that analyzes mental and behavioral phenomena in terms o...
function type
n. Any of the personality types identified by Carl Jung, including the rational types, thinking a...
function word
n. Function words are words that serve a grammatical function inside a sentence. In contrast to c...
fundamental attribution error
n. Fundamental attribution error is the tendency to make dispositional attributions when explaini...
fundamental color
n. Red, blue, and yellow or green, which can be mixed to obtain white. From the point of view of ...
fuzzy logic
n. A branch of mathematics in which items have probabilities of being included in any set rather ...