religion, psychology of

n. Psychology of religion is the discipline that studies religion and religious phenomena using psychological theories, concepts, and methods. Psychologists of religion try to understand the many ways that people express their faith through behavior (practices), belief (in the supernatural), and experience (emotions). A complete understanding of the psychological nature of human beings is impossible without a consideration of religion. It is our preoccupation with matters of the spirit that makes us uniquely human. Understanding when, under what conditions, and why religion does and does not shape human consciousness and action is among the major tasks of psychologists who study religion. Psychologically, religion (a) is a specific quest for meaning; (b) contributes to the strengthening of self-control; (c) is motivated by the need for unity, integration, and harmony; (d) satisfies the needs for attachment and social support as well as identity formation and belonging; and (e) promotes and reinforces altruistic tendencies. – RAE