剑桥心理学辞典（英文）

n. Unfavorable comparison to some other person or some standard. Henry Murray suggested abasement...

n. The state of being unable to walk due to an absence or deficiency in motor coordination. There...

n. 1. A deviation from what is normal or expected. 2. A temporary deviation in behavior by an ind...

n. A capacity to accomplish a task at the present moment. This implies that any learning or devel...

n. Any test which measures a mental or physical competence to perform certain actions and is used...

n. The surgical removal of part of an organ. Ablation of portions of the brain was often used as ...

n. 1. A perceptual distortion that occurs when a large surface is suddenly illuminated such that ...

adj. Differing from the usual, expected, or mean. In psychology this term is used both in the sta...

n. The study of persons whose behavior causes significant distress to them or others; the behavio...

n. The early termination of a pregnancy by means of either a surgical procedure or biological pro...

n. A psychoanalytic term used to describe the release of anxiety and tension after completely rem...

n. In psychophysics absolute error refers to the difference between a consensual measurement and ...

n. The lowest level of a sensory stimulus to which a subject can give any indication of perceptio...

n. The human capacity to recognize and name any given pure tone without reference to another tone...

n. 1. A brief period while an electric impulse is traveling down the axon in which the neuron is ...

n. Another name for a ratio scale. An absolute scale has a meaningful zero point, unlike nominal,...

n. A cognitive error in which events are interpreted in total or absolute ways; thus failure at a...

n. The lowest level of a sensory stimulus to which a subject can give any indication of perceptio...

n. The difference between a value and zero regardless of whether the difference is above or below...

n. 1. The complete absence of a thing or a characteristic. 2. In the measurement of temperature a...

n. The capacity to use conceptual categories to classify objects or ideas by means of their parti...

n. The capacity to make meaning out of experience as opposed to the kind of intelligence that all...

n. Abuse refers to harmful and/or injurious treatment by one individual toward another. It is com...

n. An experimental method in psychophysics in which two stimuli (A and B) that are different are ...

n. Tests designed to measure knowledge acquisition after a specific course of study. Because the ...

n. Tests designed to measure an individual’s potential for learning. In contrast to academic achi...

n. Learning disorders are diagnosed when an individual’s achievement, as determined by the admini...

n. Academic underachievement results when a student is not academically performing to the best of...

n. Impairment in numerical abilities as a result of brain pathology. It is also known as acquired...

n. Knowledge accessibility is the ease with which a unit of previously acquired knowledge comes t...

n. A unit of knowledge cannot be activated, or brought to a person’s mind, unless it is present i...

n. The 11th of the 12 pairs of nerves which leave the skull independently of the spinal cord. The...

n. A term used by Jean Piaget to explain one way in which we confront new information. Accommodat...

n. Accountability is the implicit or explicit pressure to justify one’s beliefs and actions to ot...

n. Acculturation refers to the process of change in a person as a result of extended contact with...

n. Stress caused among migrants or other long-term sojourners by having to deal with a culture di...

n. A need or desire to make no or few errors in accomplishing a task. This is important to subjec...

n. A test in which the score is derived from the accuracy of answers rather than from the speed a...

n. (ACh) The first neurotransmitter to be scientifically identified. ACh is the primary neurotran...

n. (AChE) The enzyme present at neuromuscular synaptic junctions, in the parasympathetic system a...

n. A desire to achieve social status, recognition, and rewards through the accomplishment of diff...

n. An inferred drive to accomplish difficult tasks at a high standard of competence and overcomin...

n. An inferred drive to accomplish difficult tasks at a high standard of competence and overcomin...

n. Any test which measures a mental or physical competence to perform certain actions and is used...

n. A person or other organism that is able to see no color and is unable to distinguish either co...

adj. 1. Without color (hue) or saturation, containing only black, white, and shades of gray. 2. T...

n. 1. Eyes are able to see light at a lower level than they can see the color of light. The achro...

n. 1. Lack of both hue and saturation of color. 2. Total color blindness; in human beings it is a...

n. Inability to distinguish colors (color blindness). It is also known as monochromatism. Congeni...

adj. Of or about sound or pressure waves in air or other mediums.

n. Any confusion in perception or memory related to similarities in sound, as in hearing or remem...

n. 1. Any acoustic characteristic of speech that is used in understanding what has been said. As ...

n. Any device or mechanism that blocks or selectively deadens some sounds while allowing others t...

n. The tendency to react to one sound as one has previously learned to react to another, similar ...

n. Also known as the vestibulocochlear or auditory nerve is nerve VIII of the 12 cranial nerves. ...

n. An inferred memory that contains all sound information heard within the last second or so whic...

n. A tendency to go along with what one believes to be the opinion or desire of others. In testin...

n. In learning theory it is usually assumed that organisms are born with some drives to act. Driv...

n. As opposed to genetic dyslexia, acquired dyslexia is some major disturbance in reading capacit...

n. Usually a synonym for /earning, as in the acquisition of a behavior. Gaining or incorporating ...

n. A trial in a learning experiment in which stimuli are presented which are intended to lead the...

n. A chronic disease caused by excessive production of growth hormone in the pituitary gland lead...

n. Chronic pain or numbness in the hands and feet usually described as tingling or pins and needl...

n. In psychoanalysis acting on an impulse instead of reporting it during the course of treatmen...

n. 1. Any process of doing something usually involving complex motor behaviors intended to accomp...

n. A change in voltage potential across the surface membrane of the axon of a neuron caused by an...

n. Applied research in the form of use of research techniques in programs of social action in ord...

n. A theory of emotion in which physiological arousal is the key element which is given direction...

n. A form of psychoanalysis in which the therapist is more active in offering interpretations tha...

n. Engaging in physical activity so as to avoid punishment. A dog may jump over a barrier to avoi...

n. In learning experiments, putting an animal in a situation in which it must act in order to avo...

n. The words a person actually uses in normal speech or writing as opposed to the words a person ...

n. A drum usually made of thin bars or wire which is suspended horizontally so that an animal may...

n. In attribution theory, this is a pair of biases in which the observer tends to attribute the a...

n. The predictable difference in attribution of motivation for behavior by actors and observers. ...

n. In psychoanalysis, anxiety and maladaptive behavior that arise from pressures in the real worl...

n. The person as he or she actually is rather than as he or she believes himself/herself to be. I...

n. The capacity to distinguish fine details and small differences. This term is usually used with...

n. The capacity to hear very weak sounds and to make fine distinctions and notice small differenc...

n. A grating of black bars on a white background such that both the width of the bars and the wid...

n. The capacity to distinguish fine details and small differences in one of the five senses. For ...

n. The capacity to distinguish fine details and notice small differences in light patterns. For e...

n. An ancient Chinese technique of inserting very thin metal needles into the body at precise poi...

n. Pain which appears relatively quickly and does not last a very long time. Acute pain is oppose...

n. A brief period of one of the sorts of psychotic behaviors usually associated with schizophreni...

n. Acute stress disorder (ASD) was first included as an anxiety disorder in the fourth edition of...

n. Anxiety and inappropriate physical arousal which appear shortly after an event which is stress...

n. Adaptation is an individual or group’s ability to process new or modified information and the ...

n. A theoretical level of adaptation of a single dimension of a sensory system against which new ...

n. A theory of sensory contexts developed by Harry Helson in which background stimulation provide...

n. Alteration of a sensory or learning system to a particular stimulus so that the stimulus produ...

n. A three-stage description of reaction to continuing stress in which there is an immediate alar...

n. A testing process in which each item, after an initial set of items, is selected on the basis ...

► See ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER

n. A dependence on a drug or other substance, especially one in which the person feels pleasure o...

n. A color composed of a mixture of primary colors to produce a noticeably different mixed color ...

n. A mental event in which a person mentally adds an action to what has actually occurred. For ex...

n. A statistical or other mathematical model in which multiple variables are used to predict anot...

n. 1. In computer software an address mode is the manner in which the structure or architecture o...

n. One of four bases which compose all deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), wh...

n. The front or anterior portion of the pituitary gland.

n. (ATP) A nucleotide synthesized in the mitochondria of all living cells which functions to stor...

n. An enzyme which begins the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into cyclic adenosine mo...

n. Anything which provokes a response in a sensory organ. The correct kind of stimulus of an appr...

n. Difficulty or inability to perform rapid rhythmic alternate movements such as tapping or drumm...

adj. Of or relating to fat or fatty tissue in the body. Adipose tissue makes up structures in mam...

n. The absence of thirst or refraining from drinking. Chronic adipsia is sometimes produced by le...

n. 1. Any list of adjectives with whose accuracy in describing a user agrees or disagrees, which ...

n. Adaptation to function better in a particular environment. Changing thought or actions to inte...

n. An unusually strong reaction to a specific external source of stress that impairs functioning ...

n. An experimental method used in psychophysics to determine perceptual thresholds, in which a su...

adj. Of or relating to Alfred Adler (18701937) or the psychological system or therapeutic methods...

n. The psychological system developed by Alfred Adler (1870-1937), in which it is assumed that hu...

n. The psychotherapy techniques developed by Alfred Alder (1870-1937), in which a person is urged...

n. The period of transition from childhood to adulthood and all the physical, mental, social, and...

n. The set of physical, mental, social, and cultural changes that mark the period of transition f...

n. The process of forming a relatively stable sense of self including commitment to social and se...

n. A method used in trying to distinguish between the effects of genetics and environment in whic...

n. The external portion of the adrenal gland produces mineralocorticosteroids, androgens, and glu...

n. Located atop (ad) the kidney (renal), the adrenal gland is composed of the adrenal cortex and ...

n. A hormone (C9H13NO3) and neurotransmitter created in the adrenal glands which acts primarily a...

n. The internal portion of the adrenal gland, which secretes the catecholamine hormones epinephri...

n. Also known as catecholaminergic neurons in neural transmission. The transmitters in these neur...

n. A hormone produced in the anterior portion of the pituitary gland. ACTH stimulates neurons in ...

n. A structured interview designed for use with adults and particularly with parents to assess th...

n. 1. The field of study within psychology addressing changes in human functioning across the dec...

n. The period in which physical and mental growth slows and nears its peak. This point is quite v...

n. 1. In psychometrics, intelligence from the point at which growth in intelligence becomes very ...

n. Reward delivered independently of any response by the subject. This can lead to superstitious ...

n. The swallowing of air. In humans it is a nervous habit which can result in belching and stomac...

n. A device for measuring sensitivity to pressure. It can measure sensitivity by total pressure n...

► See ETIOLOGY

n. A transient neurophysiological response to a stimulus that excites a coordinated system of b...

n. Facial expressions, gestures, postures, or other bodily movements that demonstrate an emotiona...

n. A theory of the relationship between emotional states and cognition or judgment in which it is...

n. The idea that persons are comfortable when their attitudes are consistent with the information...

n. Any of several mental disorders whose primary characteristic is extreme or pathologically unch...

n. A prediction of how one will feel should a particular course of events occur. As an example, o...

n. 1. The level of arousal or experience of an emotion. One of the three major dimensions of emot...

n. A hypothesis that basic emotional responses can occur with minimal stimulation and outside con...

n. The presentation of emotion laden stimuli in an attempt to affect or control subsequent reacti...

adj. Leading to the center, as some nerve fibers send impulses toward the central nervous system ...

n. 1. A sense of joining or social connection. 2. A need to seek and enjoy close and cooperative ...

n. A need to seek and enjoy close and cooperative relationships with others and to adhere to and ...

n. An environmental resource allowing or stimulating an organism to interact with the environment...

n. Any effect that lasts longer than the cause and particularly in a sensory system. Thus the aft...

n. A visual perception after the actual stimulus is gone which is usually in attenuated or altere...

n. The perception of motion following fixating the eyes on moving objects such that motion in the...

► See NEGATIVE AFTERIMAGE

► See POSITIVE AFTERIMAGE

n. Any sensory perception that persists after the stimulus for the sensation has gone. Afterimage...

n. The most common of numerous ways to define age. Chronological age is measured in units of time...

n. A measure of one's development expressed in terms of age norms. Common units of developmental ...

n. A raw score that corresponds to the chronological age of the norm group who obtained a similar...

n. Level of intellectual development as measured through a range of cognitive tasks and through c...

n. Agents are actors who shape their environments, affect their surroundings, and simply do thing...

n. Age scales group measurement items according to the age at which the average test taker can co...

n. In psychometrics a score on a test of skill or ability with reference to the average age at wh...

n. Disturbance in taste recognition. When there is only a partial disturbance in taste recognitio...

n. 1. A collection of several individual parts into a whole. 2. The process of collecting parts i...

n. A general term for behavior with the intention of harming another or controlling another for o...

n. Behavior with the intention of harming another or controlling another for one’s own needs and ...

n. Behavior with the intention of harming another or controlling another for one's own needs and ...

n. Behavior with the intention of harming another or controlling another for one's own needs and ...

n. In naturalistic studies of animal behavior, hostile and/or threatening actions taken toward an...

n. A trait or characteristics of acting with the intention of harming another or controlling anot...

n. The relationship between performance on tests of ability and chronological age through adultho...

n. Behavior changes associated with aging in the absence of disease are commonly linked to princi...

n. A prolonged period of sadness, gloominess, pessimistic beliefs, belief in one’s helplessness a...

n. A state characterized by anxiety manifest in pacing, fidgeting, wringing one’s hands, or perfo...

n. Inability to recognize and understand external information in the absence of decreased sensory...

n. (Greek agon = contest). In neuropharmacology, a drug which facilitates synaptic transmission a...

n. An irrational and generalized fear of being in open places or of leaving one’s home, being in ...

n. Oral expressive impairment characterized by short, structurally simple utterances lacking morp...

n. Impairment in the ability to write usually due to neurological damage and usually to recognize...

n. Agreeableness is one of the dimensions of the five factor model. It contrasts individuals who ...

n. Insomnia or disturbance in normal sleep. Agrypnia includes difficulty in falling asleep, diffi...

n. The subjective experience in the moment of achieving an insight. It has been described as a fl...

n. A state of being in which pleasure and interest are lacking. It often occurs in depression and...

n. Cognitive impairment attributable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV directly invades ...

n. A soundproof cabinet with a large window, air conditioning, and a moving sheet to remove waste...

n. Inability to initiate voluntary movements. Akinetic mutism is a condition in which the person ...

n. Type of apraxia characterized by the inability to move spontaneously. - AA ►See also APRAXIA

n. The first stage in the general adaptation to stress syndrome during which a person experiences...

n. The degree to which a surface reflects light, determined by the ratio of light falling on the ...

n. The use of alcohol in a manner that produces significant negative consequences for an individu...

n. Usually known as Korsakoff's psychosis or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, it is a disproportionat...

n. Physical addiction to alcohol such that larger doses are needed to attain the same effects and...

n. A person who has used alcohol excessively to the point of having a well-formed syndrome of pat...

n. Dementia produced by excessive alcohol use. A chronic state of deliria marked by physical trem...

n. Psychotic state produced by alcohol intoxication. This is usually a symptom of nervous system ...

n. The state of being drunk or having had one’s normal control mechanisms noticeably affected by ...

n. The syndrome of predictable symptoms deriving from abuse of alcohol. These include addiction, ...

n. Short-term abuse of alcohol, as in binge drinking or situational drunkenness that significantl...

n. Long-term abuse of alcohol that significantly interferes with an individual's capacity to func...

n. The set of disorders related to alcohol abuse defined by the DSM-IV-TR. These include alcoho...

n. The life threatening syndrome of physical and mental symptoms experienced by a person addicted...

n. A delirium marked by physical trembling, hallucinations, perceptual distortions, wildly fluctu...

n. A family of enzymes that catalyze the oxygenation of aldehydes. Alcohol aldehyde dehydrogenase...

n. A mineralocorticoid produced in the adrenal gland and very active in the regulation of choline...

n. Pure alexia is a form of acquired word blindness in which writing and spelling can be unaffect...

n. The terms alexia and dyslexia both denote the presence of a reading disorder that impairs prod...

n. A disruption in both emotional and cognitive processes such that the person has trouble recogn...

n. A procedure for solving a problem, usually computational, consisting of a series of steps whic...

n. A theory of learning in which the mental processes involved in problem solving are broken down...

n. 1. A state of being or the experience of being separated from. In existential psychology it is...

► See COEFFICIENT OF ALIENATION

n. An expert who testifies in court as to the mental competence of a party in a legal case. An ol...

n. The series of organs from mouth to anus which form a tube through which food passes in the pro...

n. One of two or more possible forms of a gene which exist in a particular location on a chromoso...

n. A personality pattern that is commonly found in collectivistic cultures. The pattern is found ...

n. 1. In neurophysiology, the theory that the axon of any neuron propagates its impulse at full s...

n. Poverty of speech; an inability to generate spontaneous speech or varied or elaborate response...

n. The suppression of the alpha rhythm in an electroencephalogram (EEG) produced by a shift of at...

n. In animal behavior a designation for the individual male who is deemed at the top of a dominan...

n. In psychometrics, an index of internal consistency among items in a scale. Mathematically, the...

n. A high-amplitude electroencephalogram (EEG) wave of brain electric activity of 8-12 hertz whic...

n. A high-amplitude electroencephalogram (EEG) wave of brain electric activity of 8-12 hertz whic...

n. An antianxiety drug, triazolobenzodiazepine (C17H13C1N4), sometimes marketed under the brand n...

n. Any change in consciousness out of the normal range. The term is usually used in conjunction w...

n. 1. An alternate or identity for the self markedly different from one’s usual sense of self, as...

n. In psychometrics, a method of ensuring the consistency of measurement of a scale by comparing ...

n. 1. Multiple personality disorder in which a person has two or more selves, each of which may b...

n. In statistics, the hypothesis that there is no difference between the means of different group...

n. Any treatment for illness, injury, or malaise which is not sanctioned by Western medicine and ...

adj. Of or relating to those species of birds that are blind, without feathers, and completely de...

n. 1. Putting others’ interests before one’s own sometimes to the point of sacrificing one's own ...

n. In sociobiology, the sharing of resources or efforts with another in the expectation that the ...

n. Taking action which results in one’s own death for the benefit of others, as when a soldier ta...

adj. Of or relating to the alveolus, or hard ridge of the gums, containing the sockets for the ...

n. A form of senile dementia characterized by progressive brain deterioration and the formation o...

n. A family of recessive genetic diseases in which brain function is impaired by a gradual buildu...

n. The capacity to acknowledge or tolerate holding contradictory beliefs or uncertainty about per...

n. Any of a class of images which have two or more possible interpretations and in the interpreta...

adj. 1. Having no sexual differentiation or having a mixture of the traits and characteristics be...

n. The experiencing of two strong but conflicting emotions or desires at the same time (for examp...

n. A style of attachment in which children are uncertain in their response to their mother, going...

n. The absence of menstruation usually due to a pathological condition or pregnancy.

n. (ACT) A test of academic learning used to predict academic performance widely used by college ...

n. A professional organization of psychiatrists in the United States which is responsible for pro...

n. (APA) A professional organization of persons holding doctoral degrees in psychology which prom...

n. A branch of the American Psychological Association which has created an endowment to promote r...

n. (APS) The original name for the Association for Psychological Science, an organization of pers...

n. American Sign Language (ASL) is a sign language with 100,000-500,000 primary users predominant...

n. A room with a peephole at one end and constructed with trapezoidal rather than square features...

n. Any of a large group of chemicals formed by replacing a hydrogen atom in ammonia with one or m...

n. A large group of chemical compounds containing both an amino group, NH2, and a carboxyl group,...

n. Amitriptyline nitrate is one of the most commonly prescribed of the tricyclic antidepressants,...

n. Ammon's horn (also known as cornu ammonis) represents one division of the hippocampal formatio...

n. Memory disorder. Different types of amnesia are distinguished. A major distinction in amnesia ...

► See POST-TRAUMATIC AMNESIA

► See RETROGRADE AMNESIA

► See SOURCE AMNESIA

n. A prenatal diagnostic tool, the amniocentesis allows for screening of genetic abnormalities. T...

n. An acute, violent frenzy usually preceded by a period of hostile brooding and paranoid ideatio...

n. An inability to recognize objects by touch associated with damage to the caudal portion of the...

n. A family of drugs including Benzedrine, Dexedrine, and Methedrine which act as nervous system ...

n. Short-term effects include sensations of alertness, well-being, sexual desire, euphoria, inabi...

n. An acute paranoid psychosis brought on by prolonged use of amphetamines, which normally disapp...

n. Making larger in general. As examples, amplification of sound is making it louder while amplif...

n. 1. Generally the size, amount, extent, or magnitude; it is frequently used in describing waves...

n. Either of a pair of almond shaped neural centers located on the inside of each temporal lobe b...

n. A deposit of any one of several types of nonfunctional fibrous protein in an organ. Beta- amyl...

n. The form of metabolism in which proteins are built up and energy is stored. It is the opposite...

n. In psychoanalysis, the choice of a significant other who resembles one’s mother or other caret...

n. 1. A word or phrase whose letters can be rearranged into another word as in slot and lots. 2. ...

n. In psychoanalysis, a personality formed around the early or later part of the anal stage and r...

n. Sexual excitement and pleasure connected with stimulation of the anus. In psychoanalysis it is...

n. The first half of the anal stage, in which the child is focused on the pleasure of expelling f...

n. Relief from pain usually by painkilling drugs but sometimes through hypnosis, acupuncture, or ...

n. A method of reasoning in which a decision about one thing or event is deduced by the similarit...

n. A measure of ability or achievement in which two terms are given and the subject has to infer ...

n. The second half of the anal stage, in which the child is focused on the pleasure of controllin...

n. Another name for the anal stage, which emphasizes the basically aggressive nature of anal cont...

n. In psychoanalysis, the second stage of development, in which the focus of pleasure shifts from...

n. In psychoanalysis the three traits characteristic of anal retentive personalities: orderliness...

n. Any of a number of processes of information processing in which both bottom-up (data-driven) a...

n. (ANCOVA) An analysis of the variance between groups defined by independent variables in which ...

n. (ANOVA) A calculation of the ratios of within- to between-group differences in a dependent var...

n. In psychology one who does any sort of psychoanalysis.

n. A term coined by Carl Jung to differentiate his approach to psychology from that of Sigmund Fr...

n. The anankastic personality disorder is a synonym for the obsessive-compulsive personality diso...

n. The use of a pronoun to refer to something previously mentioned in the same text. As an exampl...

n. Heightened sensitivity to a substance resulting from previous exposure to the substance. Sympt...

n. The state of having both male and female characteristics to a much higher degree than is stati...

n. A scale which measures the relative degree of sexual or sex role differentiation. Androgyny ca...

n. Reports by individuals on a topic without systematic observation or experimental control and s...

n. The failure of the brain to develop, which, in humans, is usually due to a genetic defect or f...

n. Absence of sensation, usually as the result of anesthetic drugs, trauma, or a neural disorder....

n. The absence of sensation in the hand and lower wrist in an area such as would be covered by a ...

n. Colloquial or street name for phencyclidine (phencyclihexylpipiridine [PCP]), a drug which cau...

n. One of the six basic emotions, in which a situation is perceived as strongly negative and some...

n. Chest pain accompanied by a choking sensation. Angina pectoris is angina caused by insufficien...

n. German word for anxiety used in existential psychology to denote anxiety due to the uncertaint...

n. A visible bulge on the posterior parietal lobe close to the occipital and temporal lobes (pari...

n. Diminished ability to experience pleasure. Anhedonia is one of two essential symptoms of a maj...

n. The inherent image of woman in the collective unconscious, which is a part of the makeup of al...

n. Any form of threatening action or attack by one nonhuman on another. Subcategories of aggressi...

n. 1. Communication between animals. 2. A branch of ethology, sociobiology, and animal cognition ...

n. 1. The capacity of nonhuman organisms to modify their behavior to adapt better to their enviro...

n. The use of animals to investigate aspects of human function that are difficult to study in hum...

n. The study of the mental functioning of nonhuman animals.

n. 1. A usually derogatory term for a large number of belief systems in which things such as tree...

n. The inherent image of man or maleness in the collective unconscious, which is a part of the ma...

n. A negatively charged ion which is usually part of a molecule separated from its positively cha...

n. The fictitious name assigned to Bertha Pappenheim, a patient of Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer...

n. A strong emotional reaction on or around the anniversary of an emotionally charged event such ...

n. A partial form of color blindness caused by a defect in the cones of the retina in which only ...

n. A sentence that is grammatically correct but has no semantic meaning. The most famous is "Colo...

n. A form of color blindness in which all three types of color-sensitive cones are present but on...

► See ANOMIE

n. Suicide that results from a sense of alienation from the social world and feelings of hopeless...

n. A term coined by the French sociologist Emile Durkheim to describe a state of alienation from ...

n. The first criterion for anorexia nervosa is the refusal to maintain body weight at or above a ...

n. An inability to reach orgasm despite appropriate sexual stimulation.

n. A deficiency in the sense of smell. It may be total or for some limited sets of odors. Anosmia...

► see AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

n. Trade name for disulfram, a drug which blocks the action of enzymes that catalyze the oxygenat...

n. 1. One who acts in opposition. 2. A chemical that reduces or eliminates the action of another ...

n. 1. In general, anything that happens before some given event. 2. In linguistics, the noun or n...

adj. Toward the front of the head or body, as the frontal lobe lies anterior to the parietal lobe.

n. A large tract of neural fibers which links the foremost parts of the two temporal lobes of the...

adj. Moving forward in space or time. 

n. Defect in acquiring new memories. It can be interpreted as a failure in transferring informati...

n. Degeneration after an injury that extends from the point of injury in the direction in which a...

n. 1. A point of view in which humans are given an unquestioned central role in considering other...

adj. Resembling a human being or the human species as in the phrase “anthropoid apes.” n. A m...

n. Thought which uses comparisons to humans as a starting point or assumes other species are simi...

n. 1. The understanding of the mental processes or behavior of nonhuman animals in terms of human...

n. Any of several types of drugs which have the effect of lowering anxiety level. Minor tranquili...

n. A protein modified by beta lymphocytes in reaction to the presence of an antigen which renders...

n. 1. A procedure in verbal learning experiments in which one item in a list serves as a cue to r...

n. The tendency to rebel against group pressure. In conformity studies a small percentage of subj...

n. A drug or chemical such as Dilantin which has the effect of reducing or eliminating epileptic ...

n. Any of several classes of drugs such as the benzodiazepines or the selective serotonin reuptak...

n. (ADH) Also known as vasopressin, antidiuretic hormone helps regulate the retention of water in...

n. Drugs or chemicals such as Dilantin which have the effect of reducing or eliminating epileptic...

n. Any object or substance which causes an immune response in the body, which usually has the eff...

n. Drug or other chemical that counteracts the effects of histamine at any of the three types of ...

n. (AMH) A hormone produced in the testes during gestation that prevents the Mullerian ducts from...

n. Any of numerous drugs used to treat schizophrenia, delusional disorder, mania, deliria, and ot...

n. Acts which are in marked contrast to those expected of a member of a society and which show di...

n. An enduring pattern of behavior and action which shows disregard for social norms and for the ...

n. 1. A fearful mood that has a vague or no specific focus and is accompanied by bodily arousal. ...

n. Any one of several mental disorders in which anxiety is the central feature, including panic d...

n. Any one of several mental disorders during childhood in which anxiety is the central feature, ...

n. A vague and general sense of uneasiness not linked to any specific situation or object.

n. Any of several types of drugs which have the effect of lowering anxiety level. Minor tranquili...

n. Lack of normal responsiveness and interest in one’s self, surroundings, and others.

n. An evaluation method for the health of newborn infants including skin color, heart rate, respi...

n. An inability or lack of desire to eat or swallow. This can be due to damage to the glossophary...

n. Aphasia is an acquired impairment to the language processing skills (production and comprehens...

n. Expressive impairment secondary to brain damage, typically in the left inferior frontal gyrus ...

► See WERNICKE'S APHASIA

n. Generally mythical agent which stimulates sexual desire; no genuine aphrodisiac has been found...

n. A morphine derivative that has been used as an expectorant and an agent to induce vomiting.

n. An old-fashioned word for an acute loss of consciousness and paralysis due to brain hemorrhage...

adj. Latin phrase literally meaning “from later” used to mean after the fact. Often used to descr...

n. An illusion of motion, especially when two visual stimuli are displayed in rapid alternation c...

n. An illusion of motion, especially when two visual stimuli are displayed in rapid alternation c...

n. Any behavior such as cowering which prevents or terminates aggressive behavior of an organism ...

n. 1. A final clear phase of perception which includes recognition, identification, and comprehen...

n. A subtype of visual agnosia. During the 19th century Lissauer proposed a distinction between a...

n. The body of existing knowledge which can be modified or increased through the process of apper...

n. Physiological desire which may be directed toward different targets through learning. Most usu...

n. A category of disorders, the central aspect of which is abnormal desire for food. A symptom of...

n. A general term for behavior that is assumed to have the satisfaction of a physiological desire...

n. The beginning phase in sexual behavior in which the organism seeks a partner and engages in co...

n. The application of the theories and findings of psychology to practical problems in everyday l...

n. Utilization of the scientific method to solve practical problems or questions through the appl...

n. A cognitive evaluation of a situation or event relative to the needs of the organism. In cogni...

n. The maximal number of units that can be perceived in a single sensory moment. It is usually me...

n. When there is more than one mutually exclusive course of action open to an organism all of whi...

n. The strength of the tendency to move toward a desired goal, which varies with distance to the ...

n. Apraxia is the loss of the ability to produce purposeful, skilled movements as the result of b...

adj. Latin phrase literally meaning “from before” used to mean before the fact. Used to describe ...

n. Potential capacity to perform an action, skill, or art which may or may not have been previous...

n. Any test of ability which is intended to predict future acquisition of performance, skill, or ...

n. An interaction between treatment and aptitude such that persons with one set or level of abili...

n. A passageway between the third and fourth ventricles of the brain filled with cerebrospinal fl...

n. The liquid which fills the eyeball and the space between the iris and the cornea in the eye.

n. the amount of land on which food can be grown that will allow for consumption and survival. A ...

n. The middle of the three membrane layers which surround the brain and spinal cord, which resemb...

n. 1. The development of branching connections to other neurons in the dendrite of a neuron. 2. T...

n. The image, pattern, or theme associated with an archetype in analytical psychology.

n. 1. The structural components of the collective unconscious which are inherited and have develo...

n. Neural pathway connecting the posterior part of the temporoparietal junction (Wernicke’s area)...

n. 1. An arch-shaped area in the hypothalamus containing the cell bodies of neurons that produce ...

n. A brain area at the top and back of the fourth ventricle with a high density of blood vessels ...

n. The sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of numbers added. The most common meaning of...

n. Two screening devices developed by psychologists for the U.S. Army to classify the large numbe...

n. A general term for bodily preparation to act usually involving the reticular activating system...

n. Hardening of the arteries, usually resulting from fatty plaques on the inside of the arterial ...

n. Articulation in phonetics refers to the way the articulators of the vocal apparatus are config...

n. The articulatory loop (also phonological loop) handles acoustic information in working memory....

n. The articulatory store, an articulatory rehearsal system, is a subcomponent of the articulator...

n. 1. An erroneous finding that may be due to random error, faulty instrumentation, faulty experi...

n. A manufactured object of a particular culture which is used to infer cultural values and techn...

n. A false finding in research due to problems in instrumentation or research design.

n. A false finding in research due to random variation in data. Most statistical procedures make ...

n. (AI) A subdiscipline in cognitive psychology, computer science, psycholinguistics, and philoso...

n. Any language that has been intentionally created, usually for a specific purpose, as contraste...

n. A form of psychotherapy in which clients engage in artistic activities such as painting, model...

n. (ARAS) The nerve pathway from the reticular formation in the brainstem which connects with the...

n. 1. A set of experiments investigating conformity conducted under the direction of Solomon E. A...

1. n. Avoidance of participation or failure to participate in social interactions for any reason....

n. The anion of aspartic acid (C4H7N〇4) is a nonessential amino acid which can act as an excitory...

n. Aspartic acid (C4H7NO4) is a nonessential amino acid which can act as an excitory neurotransmi...

n. A pervasive developmental disorder in which the child has mild to moderate deficits in social ...

n. A program or method of counseling which intends to aid persons to express their desires and fe...

n. An organization in which persons are observed and tested with the intention of predicting thei...

n. In acculturation psychology, the term assimilation refers to the pattern of cultural change wh...

n. A theory of attitude change and resistance to change in which it is assumed people have prefor...

n. Assimilation refers to the tendency to interpret a new experience in a manner that is consiste...

n. A person who uses inductive reasoning to elaborate abstract concepts to encompass new experien...

n. The parts of the cerebral cortex that are not devoted to either sensory or motor function and ...

n. The theory that associations are formed primarily by contiguity in space and time. Also called...

n. Cortical areas that are neither primary motor nor primary sensory areas but are thought to be ...

n. An activity in which a person says whatever comes to mind without hesitation or censorship. Th...

n. Any of numerous theories which suppose that simple mental associations are the building blocks...

n. Another name for the word association test first developed by Carl Jung.

n. Any of a large number of visual illusions in which one part of the image is misperceived becau...

n. The interference of either learning or recalling an association due to another association whi...

n. Three principles which determine whether an association will be made or not, including the law...

n. A type of learning in which links are formed between two elements. These elements have been co...

n. Memory triggered by a cue. This is the basis for all forms of behaviorism and many approaches ...

n. A network of processes or nodes and their links commonly used in information processing approa...

n. 1. In behaviorism, the likelihood that a particular stimulus will be followed by a particular ...

n. Mating in which the partner is chosen on the basis that a particular trait is either the same ...

n. Any of a large number of belief systems in which the alignment of planets and constellations r...

n. A syndrome of panicky outbursts in which the individual experiences a sense of heat or pressur...

n. Impairment in the ability to coordinate voluntary movements. Ataxia is usually the consequence...

n. The most common form of arteriosclerosis, which involves fat deposits along the inner walls of...

n. A neuromuscular condition due to problems with cerebral blood flow or cerebral lesions in basa...

n. In the Kretschmer body typology, a body characterized by muscular, broadshouldered physique; i...

n. 1. The tendency of a person to behave or perceive in one situation as he/she does in another i...

n. Wasting away or degeneration of a body part through disease, malnutrition, or lack of use. 2. ...

n. Atropine (C17H23NO3) is a muscarin antagonist derived from the belladonna plant and used to pr...

n. 1. In attachment theory, behavior infants use to gain control over proximity to a caregiver in...

n. A disorder of social interaction in infancy and early childhood in which the child displays di...

n. The particular pattern of interaction with a caregiver developed by an infant or the carryover...

n. A theory which supposes that infants between about 1 year and 3 years of age have an instinct ...

n. Focusing the apparently limited capacities of consciousness on a particular set of stimuli mor...

n. A failure or decrement in ability to identify a target immediately after another target in a r...

n. The reflexive allocation of a limited processing resource to an external stimulus, without the...

n. A psychological disorder in which a child is noted to fail to pay normal levels of attention t...

n. A psychological disorder in which a child is noted to fail to pay normal levels of attention a...

n. 1. The length of time an individual can focus attention on one thing or topic. 2. The amount o...

n. 1. The weakening of or interference with a signal so it is more difficult to detect. 2. In sta...

n. Attitudes are evaluations of objects occurring in ongoing thoughts about the objects or stored...

n. Attitude-behavior consistency is the degree to which an attitude toward an object predictsbeha...

n. An attitude is a general and relatively lasting evaluation an individual holds regarding anoth...

n. Any procedure which assigns quantitative values to the degree of individuals' relatively endur...

n. An attitude object is any distinct object that is evaluated. It may be a concrete target, a pe...

n. A measurement instrument which assigns quantitative values to the degree of individuals’ relat...

n. 1. A feeling of being drawn to another person or thing, usually with a positive feeling toward...

n. The state of or degree to which one possesses the qualities that lead others to want to approa...

n. A character, quality, or aspect of any phenomenon whether person, thing, event, or idea.

n. The ascription or proscription of a characteristic, quality, feature, reason, or emotion to so...

n. The tendency to create causal explanations with predictable flaws in them. The most common is ...

► See FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR

n. Attributional style relates to individual differences in the way one makes attributions or est...

n. Any error in assigning causes to behavior or events and especially the tendency to believe one...

n. The human tendency to create causal explanations for events in which two or more objects move ...

n. A theory of emotion in which a person observes his or her own physiological arousal and create...

n. Attribution theory is a major area of research in social psychology that has several variation...

n. A lessening of quantity or amount, especially the lessening of the number of subjects in a stu...

► See type a personality

adj. Different from normal in some important way.

n. Newer drugs used to treat schizophrenia, delusional disorder, mania, deliria, and other extrem...

n. A pervasive developmental disorder characterized by deficits in play, social interaction, and ...

n. The range from about 20 Hz to about 20,000 Hz. However, the range of human speech, 250 Hz to 4...

n. Adaptation in speech or visual presentations so as to communicate with an audience with partic...

n. A lessening of pain during loud sounds or a distraction from pain such as by music.

n. A seizure induced by prolonged exposure to loud noises, especially in rodents and rabbits.

n. A graphic record of a listener’s threshold to pure tones plotted by the frequency of the tones...

n. A device for measuring sensitivity to sound across a large range of sound frequencies and inte...

n. The science and technology of measurement of hearing acuity.

n. The sense of hearing.

adj. Related to sound and hearing.

n. The ability to detect and discriminate among sounds of different qualities.

n. Inability to recognize and understand auditory information in the absence of decreased auditor...

n. Inability to understand spoken language, with sparing written language understanding and langu...

n. There are two auditory canals: external and internal. The external auditory canal (or external...

n. Cortical area involved in the reception and processing of auditory information. Auditory infor...

n. The capacity to perceive differences in sound based on tone, intensity, harmonics, and other q...

n. Hearing something (e.g., voices, noises) that does not exist in the form of an external stimul...

n. Any perception in the sense of hearing which is not in accord with the physical stimuli. As in...

n. The process of locating the source of sounds and their movements from acoustic cues.

n. A reduction in the ability to detect or discriminate characteristics of one sound by the prese...

n. The auditory canal.

n. Little bones of the middle ear, which are the three smallest bones in the human body. The ossi...

n. Process of recognizing, interpreting, and providing meaning to auditory information. Disturban...

n. Hair cells in the inner ear are of two different types: inner hair cells, which are the audito...

n. The range of normal hearing, which runs from about 20 Hz to about 20,000 Hz. However, the rang...

n. In attribution theory, the idea that if a person acts in a particular way in the face of risks...

n. 1. A subjective sensation of discomfort that frequently precedes migraine headaches and epilep...

adj. Related to sound perception. 

n. A concordance of tone generated by the physical limitations of the auditory system.

1. adj. Of or relating to a system of centralized political or social power that limits individua...

n. A personality pattern characterized by preoccupation with power, control, and status and desir...

n. 1. A personality pattern characterized by preoccupation with power, control, and status and de...

n. Parents who have a parenting style of imposing unquestioning obedience on a child, avoiding di...

n. In an ordinary dictionary - not a fine one like this - you will see that authoritarian has two...

n. Parents who have a collaborative approach to guiding their child which simultaneously encourag...

n. A pervasive developmental disorder of early childhood characterized by impaired social learnin...

n.，adj. Characterized by impaired social learning and communication, restricted interests, dimini...

n. A vivid form of episodic memory about one's personal past experiences often characterized by a...

n. The process of making something indigenous to an individual or culture. In psychology the proc...

n. Psychology from the point of view of the internal processes of an individual or a culture, as ...

n. The tendency of repeated measures of the same thing over time to correlate. As an example, the...

n. Leadership that is self-centered, arrogant, overcontrolling, and not permitting of dissent.

adj. Of or relating to sexual stimulation of one's own body, or masturbation.

n. 1. Any form of sexual self-stimulation, whether masturbation, fantasy, or stimulation of body ...

n. Relaxation training in which the individual learns to relax through imagining and focusing on ...

n. Any self-induced trance or trancelike state in which the individual is very suggestible, inclu...

n. This is a well-documented perceptual phenomenon. In a darkened room, or under other circumstan...

n. In psychoanalysis, the fear of an infant upon experiencing its helplessness to care for its ow...

n. The characteristic of requiring no conscious attention or effort in performing some act or task.

n. Any mental process that occurs involuntarily and without conscious awareness or intervention.

n. Mental processing that occurs without consciousness or effort such as recognizing one's face i...

n. 1. In cognitive therapy, habitual thoughts that occur so rapidly that they are barely consciou...

n. Writing that occurs without conscious effort or attention, as sometimes happens in a hypnotic ...

adj. Of or relating to the autonomic nervous system.

n. A disorder characterized by persistent or frequently recurring episodes of inappropriate actio...

n. (ANS) Literally, the system of self-knowledge. ANS is a division of the body’s neural systems ...

adj. Free of outside control; independent and self-determined. Excessive focus on self-determinat...

n. Small task groups within a larger organization that have the capacity to set their own agenda ...

n. Freedom from outside control; having independence and self determination.

n. The tendency for ideas or habits to become independent of their origin. As an example, if one ...

n. The possible outcomes of Erik Erikson's second, muscular-anal, stage of epigenetic development...

n. A postmortem examination of the possible causes of a person's death and especially if suicide ...

n. A chemical messenger in the presynaptic membrane of a synapse that reacts to neurotransmitters...

n. A method of establishing an operant response to a signal by automatically reinforcing the resp...

n. Any of the 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.

n. A stereotype about a group one belongs to which one includes in one's self-concept.

n. Inability to name, recognize, or point on command to parts of the body. Patients have signific...

n. An inferred mental strategy of judging the relative frequency of an event by the ease with whi...

n. The arithmetic mean of a set of deviations that is the sum of a set of deviations divided by t...

n. A method of measuring sensory threshold for differences in which a sensory signal is adjusted ...

n. The average amplitude of a number of evoked potentials from the same stimulus over time used i...

n. A method of cluster analysis in which the distance between clusters is defined as the average ...

n. A method of cluster analysis which uses the least average distance within clusters as a criter...

n. Any mathematical model which uses the average of past observations to predict future observati...

n. A turning away, repugnance, or dislike for something.

n. A form of classical conditioning used as behavior therapy in which an unpleasant stimulus is p...

n. A form of classical conditioning used as behavior therapy in which an unpleasant stimulus is p...

adj. Tending to repel, disgust, or dissuade.

n. Reactions to aversive stimuli, which are usually discussed as escape learning, avoidance learn...

n. A general term which describes the process of learning to react to noxious stimuli. Escape lea...

n. A general term for situations in which aversive conditioning is the basis for observed behavior.

n. Any stimulus which is repellent, disgusting, painful, or otherwise noxious to the organism and...

n. The difficulty in deciding on a course of action in a situation in which the two possible choi...

n. An operant conditioning technique involving the removal of a noxious stimulus (negative reinfo...

n. A graph of the variation of the strength of an aversive stimulus to motivate avoidance or esca...

n. A pattern of attachment by an infant to a caregiver in which the infant does not feel comforte...

n. A pervasive and persistent pattern of individual adjustment in which the individual avoids soc...

n. The avoidant personality disorder is one of the 10 personality disorders described on Axis-II ...

n. The inability or lack of desire to engage in goal-directed or motivated activities. Avolition ...

n. Learning which takes place without the subject's conscious awareness of the matters which have...

n. An assertion which is taken as self-evidently true and which is not capable of being proved or...

n. The tubular part of a nerve cell which normally carries impulses away from the cell body.

n. The process of moving molecules along an axon back to the cell body or out from the cell body ...

n. The roughly conical bump on a nerve cell body from which the axon extends. Nerve impulses begi...

n. Prespeech sound such as mamama or dadada made by infants beginning at about the age of 6 month...

n. Babbling is one of the landmark developmental stages in first language acquisition. During the...

n. Also referred to as the plantar response, the Babinski reflex is a newborn reflex whereby the ...

► See motherese

n. Any short utterance such as uh-huh, yeah, or right produced while the other person in a conver...

n. A back translation is a translation, back into the original, of a text that had been previousl...

n. An association formed by presenting a neutral stimulus after an unconditioned stimulus. This s...

n. A learning procedure in which a neutral stimulus is presented after an unconditioned stimulus....

n. Backward masking is a form of masking in which the target (i.e., a to-be-identified item) temp...

n. A term used to describe an individual who has the same fluency in two languages, typically wit...

n. A theory in social cognition in which people are noted to create and be comfortable with cogni...

n. In social psychology and political science, an accelerating tendency of more and more individu...

n. The illusion that a cylinder with spiral markings, such as a barber's pole, appears to be movi...

► See cannon-bard theory

n. The tendency of people to believe vague and general predictions or comments about them are bot...

n. Pressure-sensitive nerve cell in the heart and large arteries that sends impulses toward the h...

n. The area at the bottom of the forebrain near the hypothalamus which includes the nucleus basal...

n. Three pairs of nuclei at the base of the cerebral cortex including the caudate nuclei, puta- m...

n. The average minimal expenditure of energy of a body awake and at rest. It is measured after fa...

n. The average of a variable over time before any experimental intervention; it is used to compar...

n. The naturally occurring frequency or average of a variable in a population within a given peri...

n. The basic emotion theory claims that there is a core set of emotions, referred to as basic emo...

n. A grouping in a natural language system at the level of abstraction at which category members ...

n. Failure to establish a belief in the possibility of satisfying relationships in the first, ora...

n. In Maslow's hierarchy of needs the basic needs are physiological ones such as needs for oxygen...

n. Utilization of the scientific method to discover knowledge for the pure advancement of underst...

n. A belief in the possibility of need satisfying relationships attained during the first, oral- ...

n. The first of Erik Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development, this stage, which occurs...

n. The fibrous membrane on the organ of Corti in the inner ear, which vibrates with changes in ai...

n. The universal human tendency to feel good when one can associate one's self with persons or gr...

n. A child who has been physically abused, usually in a serious or prolonged manner.

n. A constellation of physical and behavioral symptoms characteristic of children who have been p...

n. A theoretical term for a large constellation of nonspecific mental and behavioral symptoms ass...

n. Statistical inference based on Bayes' theorem which uses observation to estimate probabilities...

n. In statistics, a formal expression of the probability that one event will occur, given that an...

n. A widely used set of scales to measure child development from birth to 3- years of age with me...

n. (BDI II) A self-report inventory for persons over the age of -3 years consisting of 2- multipl...

n. The discharge of urine during sleep. Bedwetting normally occurs until a child's bladder grows ...

n. All the activities that living organisms exhibit. Some research strategies limit the definitio...

adj. Of or relating to the activities of an organism, most commonly used to describe the gross be...

n. A research methodology designed to examine a target behavior critically with consideration of ...

n. A quick copying of behavior of a few individuals by those nearby which spreads as a wave among...

n. 1. A pattern of response to reward such that if an organism is given a small reward for a part...

n. The study of the relationships between environment and the behavior of the organisms within it...

n. The interdisciplinary study of relationships among overt behavior, the production and excretio...

n. The restraint of tendencies to act along with environmental monitoring. As a temperament, this...

n. An alteration of the contingencies of reinforcement so as to bring about a desired alteration ...

n. A behavior-based rating of job performance in which it is behaviorally described systematicall...

n. A multidisciplinary field including physicians, nurses, social workers, psychologists, counsel...

n. 1. A therapeutic approach in which desired behavior is modeled for a client who learns vicario...

n. Any of the social sciences that attempt to study and understand behavior.

n. The study of the behavioral changes brought about by exposure to toxic substances. The field h...

n. The observation and modification of behavior through environmental manipulation so as to produ...

n. A behavior modification option whereby a student makes a formal written agreement with the the...

n. 1. A pattern of response to reward such that if an organism is given a small reward for a part...

n. 1. A field of study and practice within child psychology that examines maladaptive child behav...

n. The study of the heredity of behavior patterns in humans and other animals using a multidiscip...

n. An approach to psychology which limits itself to a description of relationships between observ...

n. A person who adopts a learning approach to social and psychological problems limiting himself ...

adj. Of or like a behavioral approach.

n. Application of operant conditioning principles to individual cases. This has been applied prim...

n. In ecological psychology, the interaction of social, physical, and ecological situations with ...

n. The use of classical and operant conditioning principles to bring about therapeutic change. Te...

n. A belief is a proposition that is regarded as true. A belief may be factually correct (“The wo...

n. Atropine or hyoscyamine, both of which are derived from deadly nightshade plant. They were use...

n. The graphical representation of a normal distribution which appears as a unimodal (single-peak...

► See WECHSLER-BELLEVUE SCALES

n. The observation that motor neurons have their roots in the ventral or front side of the spinal...

n. Paralysis due to problems with one of the seventh pair of cranial (facial) nerves, which contr...

n. (BSRI) A measure of masculine and feminine sex roles which adopts the point of view that sex r...

n. A test in which subjects copy nine line drawings as accurately as possible onto a blank sheet ...

n. A theoretical viewpoint which considers relationships between the expenditure of time, energy,...

n. A family of addictive central nervous system depressants drugs which are used to treat anxiety...

n. 1. The state of having a loved one die. 2. The emotional reaction to the death of a loved one,...

n. In probability, the outcome of an experiment with two possible outcomes and a known probabilit...

n. A forerunner of modern personality inventories published in 1931, which was one of the first t...

n. The practice of humans' having sex with nonhuman animals. This often is considered a deviation...

n. (β) 1. In statistics the symbol for failing to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypoth...

n. A drug which blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, which are found in the central nervous system, ...

n. A multiplicative constant in a regression equation which reflects the relative contribution of...

n. A form of white blood cell formed in lymph tissues which creates antibodies upon contacting an...

n. A pattern of electrical activity in the brain characteristic of normal, awake alertness as mea...

n. In analysis of variance (ANOVA), the portion of the total variance in a dependent variable tha...

n. In research design, an experiment in which different groups of subjects are treated differentl...

n. Bicultural identity is the condition of identifying with (i.e., having strong attachment and l...

n. Biculturalism is the condition of having or endorsing two cultures. Although the term bircultu...

n. The five factor model (FFM) of personality traits, popularly called the “big five,” refers to ...

n. Sounds articulated with both lips are bilabial. English has three bilabial sounds in its phone...

n. Improvement of a skill on one side of the body when the other side of the body receives traini...

n. A bilingual is any individual with communication skills in two languages. Those skills may rep...

n. This term describes the ability to function in two or more languages in everyday life. Each la...

n. A statistical distribution of data in which there are two distinct peaks or modes (as contrast...

adj. Of or relating to hearing with both ears at the same time, as opposed to monaural hearing wi...

n. The difference in time between the arrival of a sound pressure wave at one eardrum as opposed ...

n. 1. Attachment of a neurotransmitter to a receptor site on a dendrite. 2. In psychoanalysis, a ...

n. As defined by the current edition of the DSM-IV-TR, an episode of binge eating is characterize...

n. Binge-eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating in the absence of...

adj. Of or relating to the simultaneous use of two eyes in seeing.

n. A difference in the pattern of light striking each of the retinas (retinal disparity) or the p...

n. The differences in the retinal images between the two eyes in viewing a three-dimensional scen...

n. The union of the slightly different views of each eye into a single image in the mind.

n. Any visual image using the combined information of both eyes.

n. A state in which the two eyes are unable to fuse what they see into a single perception; the v...

n. A form of three-dimensional perceiving made possible by depth cues when using both eyes and fu...

1. adj. Having two separate possible outcomes.2. n. Any collection containing two distinct kinds ...

n. A probability test to see whether a sample in which each member has two possible outcomes resu...

n. The field of study whose object is communication through sound by living organisms. The field ...

n. The practical science of creating artificial replacements for damaged body parts. This include...

n. A procedure involving measuring biological processes and converting the information to a form ...

n. Using biofeedback techniques to solve medical and psychological problems. Biofeedback has been...

adj. Produced by naturally occurring processes in living organisms, of biological origin.

n. Any of a large family of chemicals with an amine group created within organisms including the ...

n. An inferred mechanism of mind which explains the capacity of organisms to follow predictable c...

n. In sexuality studies, the idea that sexual characteristics and behavior are determined by gene...

n. The science that studies the areas of overlap between biology and psychology and the interacti...

n. Any predictable pattern in an organism's functioning over time. Rhythms are noted in areas suc...

n. A level of explanation in psychology which describes mood, personality, and behavior through t...

n. The science that studies the areas of overlap between biology and psychology and the interacti...

n. A view of development as a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social proces...

n. Any predictable pattern in an organism's functioning over time. Rhythms are noted in areas suc...

n. A family of psychopathologies characterized by wide swings in emotional state or mood. Bipolar...

n. A cell located in back of the retina with only one dendrite branch and one axon, which connect...

n. Bipolar I disorder or bipolar II disorder in which there are more than four episodes of depres...

n. A family of disorders characterized by swings from depression to mania or hypoma- nia includin...

n. A psychopathology characterized by at least one manic episode with or without depressive perio...

n. A psychopathology characterized by depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes whi...

n. The ordinal position of a child in a family with more than one child. Birth order is a seconda...

n. The supposition that ordinal position in a family has an influence on personality. Numerous th...

n. A measure of relationship between a continuous variable and a dichotomous one.

adj. 1. Having the characteristic of being aroused by or engaging in sexual activities with both ...

adj. Of or relating to two variables or characteristics.

n. The relationship between two variables ignoring the effects of any other variables.

n. Any statistic which describes the relationship between two variables, especially correlations.

n. A set of 12 cartoon pictures depicting a dog called Blacky in human-like situations used as a ...

n. The tendency of people to find fault with the weaker party in a dispute even or especially if ...

n. A lack of visual perception which can be partial or total. Legal blindness is defined as visua...

n. Loss of vision, associated with anatomically and structurally intact eyes and intact anterior ...

n. Loss or deterioration of visual perception without any apparent physical problem in the physio...

n. Loss or deterioration of visual perception without any apparent physical problem in the physio...

n. The capacity of some fully or partially blind individuals to detect and react to visual stimul...

n. 1. In vision the portion of the retina which has no light receptors where the optic nerve and ...

n. An involuntary, rapid closing of the eye in response to rapid change in the visual field or ey...

n. A research design in which subject variables are treated as independent variables by assigning...

n. 1. An intelligence subtest on the Wechsler intelligence scales in which subjects have to copy ...

n. A bar graph, histogram, or flowchart using blocked areas to designate frequency or amount.

n. 1. In classical conditioning the prevention or reduction in the strength of an association bet...

n. The proportion of alcohol as a percentage of total blood fluid. In most of the United States a...

n. The proportion of alcohol as a percentage of total blood fluid. In most of the United States a...

n. A semipermeable membrane lining capillaries which supply blood to the brain which blocks most ...

n. A dulling or absence of normal affective expression and experience which is a common symptom o...

n. A psychological disorder in which a person is excessively preoccupied with an imaginary or min...

n. A person's mental representation of his or her own body and its function, attractiveness, and ...

n. The conveyance of information by bodily postures, movements, and facial expressions. Also call...

n. A Guttmann-type scale in which persons are asked whether they would be willing to participate ...

n. In bogus pipeline studies, social psychologists deceive participants by (falsely) making them ...

n. The process of creating and strengthening close personal relationships, especially between inf...

n. In hearing, the transmission of sound through the bones of the skull to the middle ear and inn...

n. In statistics a correction in making statistical inferences which takes into account the numbe...

n. 1. In social psychology, an attitude change in the opposite direction of that desired in commu...

n. 1. Any procedure for creating a criterion or process using some sample of the data to be measu...

n. 1. The process of engaging in a bootstrap operation which is creating a criterion or process u...

1. adj. Difficult to categorize as a result of having characteristics, affordances, or aspects of...

n. Having an IQ in a range between that considered normal and that considered significantly abnor...

n. A persistent and pervasive pattern of personal adjustment characterized by instability in inte...

n. Any process of analysis which begins with data and seeks pattern or meaning: inductive reasoni...

n. The idea that humans are predictably rational in their decision making given their limited kno...

n. A data display which shows a line anchored by the extreme scores and a box in the middle with ...

n. Abnormally slow bodily movement along with fewer than normal spontaneous movements.

n. A system of writing using patterns of small bumps read with the fingers which was created for ...

n. Usually understood as hemispheric specialization. -AA ► See also hemispheric specialization

n. Any damage of a portion of the brain leading to cell death or cessation of neuronal function r...

n. The enlarged area at the top of the spinal column that connects the spinal cord with the cereb...

n. A technique for promoting creativity and problem solving through the spontaneous generation of...

n. A process of attempting drastic change in attitudes and beliefs through prolonged coercive tac...

n. Rhythmic patterns in the gross electrical activity of the brain as measured by an electroencep...

n. A neonatal scale of development which assesses neurological and behavioral development from bi...

n. Chronic sleep disruption caused by breathing difficulties such as sleep apnea and central alve...

n. The Y-shaped junction on the top of the skull between the frontal bone and the two parietal bo...

n. Any of numerous approaches to psychotherapy which generally require 10 to 20 sessions or fewer...

n. A mental disorder characterized by the sudden onset of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized...

n. The perceived intensity of light, which depends on objective intensity, wavelength, the state ...

n. A tendency in humans to perceive familiar objects to have the same brightness regardless of ch...

n. Differences in perceived brightness when a stimulus is presented against backgrounds of contra...

n. An archaic name for somatization disorder. 

n. Broca's area, named after the French surgeon and anthropologist Pierre Paul Broca(1861), who f...

n. Any of about 200 areas of the cerebral cortex whose cell structure and density are different f...

n. In rodents, the miscarriage of a pregnancy within the first few days after fertilization cause...

n. Simplified or schematic line drawings of faces in which parameters such as eye separation and ...

n. An index of perceptual constancy given by the ratio (R - S)/(O - S), where R is perceived magn...

n. Habitual grinding of the teeth and especially during sleep.

► See also TYPE B PERSONALITY

adj. Of or relating to the cheeks or the cavity of the mouth.

n. A temporary memory or store of information for short periods, as in the working memory in the ...

n. Bulimia nervosa, first described as a variant of anorexia nervosa, was identified in 1979 but ...

n. A derisive term used to ridicule points of view in psychology that perception is no more than ...

n. The observation that the reaction of any photoreactive chemical or pigment is a function of th...

n. A state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion following prolonged effort and stress al...

n. An anxiolytic drug (buspirone hydrochloride, Buspar) which lessens anxiety without producing s...

n. A type of older antipsychotic drug including haloperidol used primarily in cases of schizophre...

n. The bystander effect is a well-established social psychological phenomenon whereby an individu...

n. A tendency for people not to offer to help strangers when others are present, which has been a...

n. The most common unit of information processing capacity, equal to eight consecutive bits or sw...

n. A family of disorders caused by caffeine use, including caffeine intoxication, caffeine- induc...

n. A syndrome subsequent to the cessation of caffeine use after addiction has occurred, which usu...

n. A family of drugs which work by partially blocking voltage-sensitive calcium channels which ar...

n. An area of a cell wall that has greater permeability for calcium ions than most parts of the c...

n. (CPI) A self-report personality inventory scaled for folk concepts of personality and used to ...

n. Three related plant species (Cannabis indica, C. rudcalis, and C. sativa), all of whose leaves...

n. A theory of emotion in which it is supposed that a situation is first evaluated in the thalamu...

n. The delusion that others, usually close relatives or friends, have been replaced by identical ...

adj. Of or relating to the heart and blood vessels and the circulation of blood throughout the body.

n. The visual environment of urban dwellers, which is largely a constructed rather than a natural...

adj. Of or relating to the ideas or person of the French philosopher Rene Descartes (15961642), w...

n. The idea proposed by the French philosopher Rene Descartes that there are two kinds of things ...

n. A thorough observation or analysis of one or a few participations. Case studies can be used as...

n. 1. In psychoanalysis, little boys fear that their father wants to castrate them, a projection ...

n. 1. In psychoanalysis, a whole constellation of fears and projections of young children centere...

n. A state of rigid immobility that may be maintained over many hours, usually by persons sufferi...

n. 1. A sudden loss of muscle tone and control, sometimes localized and sometimes in the entire b...

n. A field of mathematics that formally describes processes in which small and gradual changes in...

n. Marked abnormality of muscle tone, posture, or behavior often observed in catatonic schizophre...

n. A state of rigid immobility that may be maintained over many hours, usually by persons sufferi...

n. A rare form of schizophrenia in which there are rigid immobility or marked abnormality of post...

n. An immobile and unresponsive state such as is characteristic of catatonic schizophrenics.

n. A trial in a series of trials in which the independent variable is not presented and the subje...

n. The theory that the variations in the levels of catecholamine neurotransmitters, dopamine, epi...

n. The perception of a thing as distinctly of one kind or type, despite ambiguity in the stimulus...

n. A measurement scale that divides responses into category labels with no numerical meaning. Als...

n. A nonquantitative variable with a limited number of subtypes, levels, or values. Also called n...

n. The mental process of sorting things into types depending on some criterion or criteria. In na...

n. A difference in time taken to make category decisions depending on category size. Decisions ab...

n. 1. The release of strong, pent-up tension or emotion in an outburst of expression. 2. In psych...

n. In psychoanalysis, the process of directing the energy of one's desires toward a particular so...

► See COMPUTED (AXIAL) TOMOGRAPHY

n. One of a pair of nuclei in the basal ganglia which have a tail-like shape and are involved in ...

n. Causal attribution refers to the process through which laypeople try to understand the underly...

n. 1. The philosophical belief that all events and states are the result of forces acting on prev...

n. Human thoughts which seek to delineate a set of causal relations between things and events.

n. A variable whose relationship to another is inferred to be causal in nature. Thus the blood al...

n. 1. The necessary and sufficient conditions to predict that a particular event or outcome will ...

n. The inability of a measure or test to show valid differences above a certain point due to the ...

n. In biology, one of the basic structures of most living organisms comprising a cell membrane de...

n. The central portion of a nerve cell not including the axon or the dendrites, which includes th...

n. 1. The practice of limiting publication or dissemination of materials that are not within the ...

n. A percentile, or one one-hundredth of a total.

n. Loss or impairment of hearing caused by pathology in the central nervous system. Central deafn...

n. Fold in the cortex separating the frontal and parietal lobes. It is also referred to as the Ro...

n. An important mathematical theorem in applied statistics which states that the distribution of ...

n. (CNS) The spinal cord and brain of a vertebrate organism, contrasting with the peripheral nerv...

n. The middle of any distribution of measures, usually using the mean, the median, or the mode as...

n. Any measure of central tendency in a distribution of measurements, the most common of which ar...

n. Any of a small number of common traits which best describe an individual within her/ his culture.

n. Perception in the center of the visual field. In humans this area is more acute than periphera...

n. A tendency to attend to only one aspect of a problem ignoring other, potentially useful aspect...

n. 1. A point of convergence in a multidimensional space of all hyperplanes which divides all the...

adj. Moving from the head toward the tail.

n. The head-to-tail progression of sensory acuity and motor development in human infants such tha...

n. A large bump at the back of the spinal cord immediately below the occipital lobe which is invo...

n. A small space between the third and fourth ventricles which allows cerebrospinal fluid to drai...

n. The large, exterior mass of gray matter about 2-4 mm thick that is divided into two halves and...

n. Sometimes used as synonymous with hemisphere specialization or brain asymmetry. The term cereb...

n. One of the two halves of brain separated by the longitudinal or interhemispheric fissure. They...

n. (CP) A lack of coordination, including spasticity, awkward movements, paralysis, difficulty in...

adj. Of or relating to the brain and spinal cord.

n. The nearly pure saline solution that bathes the brain and spinal cord and acts as a cushion to...

adj. Of or relating to the blood vessels in the brain.

n. The breaking or blockage of a blood vessel in the brain which results in an interruption of th...

n. The largest part of the human brain, lying above the cerebellum and surrounding the midbrain a...

n. A surgical operation for research purposes in which the brainstem is severed between the dienc...

n. A compounded schedule of reinforcement in which a subject must complete one or more reinforcem...

n. An inability to detect changes in visual scenes when the person sees one scene first and then ...

n. The change-of-standard effect refers to the way memory is distorted when a past judgment about...

n. The whole of the mental processes and behavioral aspects of a person which differentiate him o...

n. A pervasive and enduring pattern of dynamic psychophysical processes, subjective experience, p...

n. The capacity to gain the attention of and positively influence other people.

n. A sensory nerve surface on the taste buds of the tongue or in the nasal epithelium capable of ...

n. The process of treating cancer with chemicals which are more toxic to cancer cells than to nor...

n. Any form of mental, physical, or sexual behavior toward a child which is detrimental to the ch...

n. An insidious and marked deterioration in language, social skills, bowel or bladder control, pl...

n. Schizophrenia beginning in childhood instead of the normal course in which schizophrenia appea...

n. A failure to provide a dependent child with the sustenance, protection, attention, stimulation...

n. The branch of psychology devoted to the study of children and their development.

n. A version of the Thematic Apperception Test, which was developed for use with children using d...

n. A composite face formed by photographically joining the left side of one person's face to the ...

n. Any distribution of the summed squares of the deviates of a normally distributed variable or a...

n. A statistical test in which the sum of the squared deviations of observed frequencies minus th...

n. The first benzodiazepine marketed (1957) as an anxiolytic drug, under the brand name Librium, ...

n. An antipsychotic drug of the phenothi- azine family which works by blocking dopamine receptors...

n. The time a subject takes to make a response after presentation of a stimulus in a task requiri...

n. Any shift in choice made by an individual in the presence of others versus when alone, includi...

n. (CCK) A peptide hormone found in both the duodenum and the brain which acts as a neurotransmit...

n. An amine synthesized from lecithin and a precursor to acetylcholine and numerous methyl groups...

adj. Of or relating to choline or the choline- derived neurotransmitters.

n. Rapid, involuntary, and purposeless jerky movements of the arms, legs, and facial muscles char...

n. Colors that have the visual characteristics of hue and saturation, which are all colors except...

n. The perception of color along with light intensities which is characteristic of normal human v...

n. Any change in the normal number or structure of chromosomes which is usually detected when it ...

n. A roughly rod shaped structure in the nucleus of cells containing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ...

n. Any disorder caused by abnormality in the number or structure of the chromosomes. About 7-8% o...

n. Any long-lasting disorder due to problems with brain function or formation, often resulting fr...

n. A controversial disorder first described in 1988 in which a person suffers from fatigue for 6 ...

n. Any pain which persists for long periods. It is usually due to nerve or organ damage which doe...

n. A form of schizophrenia in which there are at least two of the following symptoms: delusions, ...

n. The amount of time which has elapsed since the birth of an individual.

n. A mental unit of which about seven can be held in short-term memory. All information can be or...

n. The process of organizing information into a unit with a single mental representation. The hum...

n. Plural of cilium. 1. An eyelash. 2. A hairlike projection from a cell body as in the hair cell...

n. Prominent gyrus in the mesial part of the brain, limited above by the cingulate sulcus and bel...

n. Any daily or near-daily pattern in physiological change or overt behavior; the sleep- wake cyc...

n. A sleep disorder caused by a mismatch between a person's circadian rhythm and the demands of t...

n. A fallacious type of reasoning in which the conclusion of an argument is already contained in ...

n. A model of emotion in which emotions are arranged in a circle such that near emotions are simi...

n. Seven to 11 small ridges at the back of the tongue separated by trenches which are lined with ...

n. The capacity to perceive the past, the future, distant things, or events or things not seen wi...

n. The mimicking of a given sound, or perseveration on particular sounds that rhyme. For example,...

n. The learning theories of Ivan Pavlov, in which only observable events such as stimulus conditi...