Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

n. (MMPI) The most widely used self-report measure of personality and psychopathology in the world. It consists of either 550 or 567 true-false items to which the subject responds which are scored on scales of hypochondria, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviancy, masculinity/femininity, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, and hypomania as well as three or more response style scales. There are dozens of other scales which have been developed for special purposes from MMPI items, and recently a new set of 10 restructured clinical scales reflecting demoralization, somatic complaints, low positive emotions, cynicism, antisocial behavior, ideas of persecution, dysfunctional negative emotions, aberrant experiences, and hypomanic activation have come into widespread use. There is an adolescent form of the test, and the test was revised as the MMPI-2 in 1989.