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H

habit

n. 1. A default pattern of behavior that is usually repeated without conscious decision making in...

habitat

n. The environment in which an organism, a species, or an identifiable group of people live. In e...

habit reversal

n. A kind of conditioning in which an organism is reinforced for making one of two possible choic...

habit strength

n. The strength between a stimulus and response measured by the number or amount of reinforcement...

habituation

n. 1. The weakening in response to a sensory stimulus when it is repeated many times or in a prol...

habituation, drug

n. 1. A dependence on a drug in which the person feels pleasure or release from tension in using ...

hair cell

n. 1. A long, slender, hairlike cell in the in organ of Corti in the inner ear, which transduces ...

Haldol

n. The brand name for haloperidol, a high-potency, relatively long-lasting antipsychotic drug in ...

halfway house

n. A transitional living institution for persons moving from an institutional setting, such as a ...

hallucination

n. A sensory perception in the absence of any external stimulus. Hallucinations can be auditory, ...

hallucinogen

n. Any drug which causes perception in the absence of the things perceived. Typically they also p...

hallucinogenic drug

n. Any drug which causes perception in the absence of the things perceived. Typically they also p...

halo effect

n. Research on person perception demonstrates that we form initial impressions of others very qui...

haloperidol

► See HALDOL

handedness

n. A preference to use one hand versus the other for most tasks with the preferred hand showing g...

Hans, Little

n. The name assigned to a little boy in a published case history in which Sigmund Freud traced a ...

hardiness

n. 1. In psychology, the ability to adapt to sudden or unexpected changes and stress as well as t...

harmonic mean

n. An average calculated by taking the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of a ...

hate

► See HATRED

hatred

n. An attitude or disposition that includes intense feelings of dislike, animosity, hostility, an...

Hawthorne effect

n. The effect on people's behavior of knowing they are being observed or studied. The name Hawtho...

health psychology

n. Health psychology is a field of psychology that focuses on health, illness, and health care. H...

hearing

n. The auditory sense in which knowledge of the environment is inferred from changes in the air p...

hebephrenic schizophrenia

n. An archaic term for disorganized schizophrenia, which is characterized by disorganized speech ...

hedonic tone

n. The degree of pleasantness or unpleasantness of an experience.

hedonism

n. The belief or theory that pleasure is intrinsically good and the natural object of all human a...

helping behaviors

n. Helping behaviors are those actions that individuals engage in that are intended to aid anothe...

hemisphere

n. 1. Half of a sphere or solid circular shape. 2. Either half of the cerebrum.

hemispherectomy

n. The surgical removal of one side of the cerebral cortex.

hemispheric specialization

n. Asymmetric representation of higher- level functions in the cerebral hemispheres. Cerebral spe...

hereditarianism

n. The belief that most or all individual differences in behavior or ability are due to genetic d...

heredity

n. 1. The transmission of characteristics from parents to their children via the process of DNA o...

Hering theory of color vision

n. The theory that there are three sorts of color receptors in the human eye, one sensitive to bl...

heritability ratio

n. The proportion of the total phenotypic variation of a population contributed by genetic factor...

hermaphrodite

n. Any plant or animal having the reproductive organs of both sexes. In humans it is usually the ...

hermeneutics

n. 1. In psychology, the interpretation of behavior, speech, and writing in terms of meaning and ...

heterogeneity of variance

n. The situation in which the variance in different experimental conditions is significantly diff...

heteroscedasticity

n. The situation in which the variance in different experimental conditions is significantly diff...

heterosexual

1. adj. Of or relating to the state of being sexually attracted to or engaging in sexual behavior...

heterosis

n. The increased vigor or increase in favorable characteristics in the offspring of parents with ...

heterostereotype

n. Generalized beliefs about the characteristics of one group of people held by another group of ...

heterozygote

n. The state of possessing two different forms of a particular gene, one inherited from the mothe...

heterozygous

adj. Of or relating to the possession of two different forms of the same gene, one inherited from...

heuristic

n. A rule of thumb for making decisions of a particular kind which usually works but does not gua...

heuristic, cognitive

n. A rule of thumb for making decisions of a particular kind which usually works but does not gua...

hidden figure

n. A figure embedded within a larger figure which makes it difficult to see. Also called embedded...

hidden observer

n. A phenomenon in which highly susceptible individuals who are asked to block out certain stimul...

hierarchical linear modeling

n. A statistical technique in which a model of data is created with multiple levels of analysis i...

hierarchy of needs

n. An ordering of human needs according to their relative importance to human beings suggested by...

high-context cultures

n. Cultures that promote communication in which many messages are conveyed indirectly in context ...

higher mental processes

n. Complex psychological abilities mediated by the cerebral cortex, particularly the prefrontal c...

higher-order conditioning

n. A learning procedure in which the conditioned stimulus from one set of trials is used as the u...

hindbrain

n. The part of the brain toward the bottom and back of the skull including the pons, cerebellum, ...

hindsight bias

n. The tendency to perceive events that have already occurred as much more easily predictable tha...

hippocampal formation

n. A portion of the limbic cortex located in the temporal lobe of the forebrain. This formation i...

hippocampus

n. Part of the limbic system, a neural structure located in the medial-temporal lobe adjacent to ...

Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude

n. A nonverbal test of intelligence developed for use with deaf children which yields a learning ...

histamine

n. (C5H9N3) A chemical synthesized from the amino acid histidine and present in most body tissues...

histogram

n. A graphical display of a frequency table in which the unit intervals are mapped on the x-axis ...

histrionic personality disorder

n. A pervasive and persistent pattern of adjustment characterized by excessive emotion expression...

hit

n. A correct prediction of the presence of a signal in a signal detection task. 2. In computer sc...

holophrase

n. A single-word utterance that is interpreted as a whole sentence, especially in the speech of i...

homeostasis

n. The self-regulation of an equilibrium in any physiological, biological, social, psychological,...

hominid

1. n. Any modern human or his or her extinct ancestors included in the biological family Hominida...

homogeneity

n. 1. The state of being equally distributed, especially as applied to different conditions of an...

homogeneity of variance

n. The state of being in which different groups or cells in an experiment have equal average dist...

homographs

n. Homographs are two unique entries in a language's lexicon with identical spelling in the writi...

homoscedasticity

n. Equal scatter or variability about a mean or a regression line.

homosexual

1. adj. Of or relating to being sexually excited by or engaging in sexual relations with a person...

homosexuality

n. Sexual attraction to or sexual activities between members of the same sex. It is currently mor...

homozygote

n. An organism that has the same form (allele) of a particular gene in both locations on the DNA ...

homozygous

adj. Characterized by having the same form (allele) of a particular gene in both locations on the...

homunculus

n. 1. A theoretical tiny man inside the brain that perceives or makes decisions, or an explanatio...

honestly significant difference test

n. A post hoc testing procedure that allows for all possible comparisons while maintaining a pres...

honorific speech

n. Speech styles in certain languages that denote status differences among interactants.

horizontal-vertical illusion

n. A visual illusion in which a vertical line and a horizontal line of the same length form a T, ...

hospice

n. 1. A nursing home for the care of the terminally ill with short life expectancies emphasizing ...

hot spot

► See NONVERBAL HOT SPOT

house-tree-person technique

n. A projective test in which a subject is asked to draw a house, a tree, and a person and then i...

house-tree-person test

n. A projective test in which a subject is asked to draw a house, a tree, and a person and then i...

Hullian learning theory

n. A form of learning theory formulated by Clark Hull (1884-1952) in which all behavior and learn...

human factors

n. 1. The impact of human capacities, needs, and limitations on the functioning of a system. 2. T...

human factors psychology

n. The branch of psychology which works on ergonomic problems, such as designing instrument displ...

human intelligence

n. The human capacity to obtain information from the environment, store it, analyze it, and use i...

humanistic approach

n. Any approach to any discipline in which the positive valuation of individual human beings take...

humanistic psychology

n. A school of psychology which emphasizes the inherent and basic goodness of human beings, assum...

human nature

n. The innate characteristics of human beings, which have been very differently defined by differ...

hunger

n. A desire for food, or more generally, a desire for anything.

Huntington's chorea

► See HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE

Huntington's disease

n. A progressive neurodegenerative disease typified by the slow and steady development of involun...

hybrid

n. The offspring of the cross-breeding of genetically dissimilar plants or animals.

hybrid vigor

n. The increased vigor or increase in favorable characteristics in the offspring of parents with ...

hydrocephalus

n. A disorder characterized by excess liquid inside the skull which increases intracranial pressu...

hyperactive child

n. A child with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

hyperactive child syndrome

n. An archaic name for attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder, predominantly hyperactive-impul...

hyperactivity

n. Excessive motor activity, including fidgeting, squirming, inability to sit still, inability to...

hyperkinesis

n. Excessive motor activity, including fidgeting, squirming, inability to sit still, inability to...

hyperphagia

n. A pathological tendency to overeat which can be caused by psychological disturbance, metabolic...

hyperpolarization

n. An increase in the membrane potential in a cell, especially a neuron, in which the electrical ...

hypersomnia

n. A disorder characterized by prolonged, excessive sleepiness during normal waking hours causing...

hypertension

n. High blood pressure, a standard for which is arbitrarily set at 140/90 mm of mercury when meas...

hyperthymia

n. Excessive emotional response; this often occurs during episodes of mania or hypomania.

hyperthyroidism

n. Overproduction of thyroxin or triiodothyronine. This tends to lead to elevated metabolism and ...

hypertonic

adj. Of or relating to excessive muscle tension.

hypertrophy

n. An abnormal enlargement of an organ or tissue area due to the increase in the size of its cell...

hypertropia

n. A misalignment of the eyes making binocular fixation and vision impossible. An individual with...

hypnagogic image

n. A vivid dreamlike image perceived by a person in a state between waking and sleeping in which ...

hypnoanalysis

n. A brief form of psychoanalysis aided by hypnosis which is used to uncover memories especially ...

hypnogenic

adj. Sleep or hypnosis inducing.

hypnopompic image

n. A vivid dreamlike image perceived by a person in a state between waking and sleeping in which ...

hypnosis

n. 1. The process of inducing a state of hypersuggestibility in another person in which his or he...

hypnosis as a research tool

n. The use of suggestive trances to investigate psychological and other variables including hypno...

hypnotherapy

n. Any form of psychotherapy that uses hypnosis (induced hypersuggestibility) as a technique. It ...

hypnotic

adj. Of or relating to hypnosis.

hypnotic age regression

n. A technique in hypnotherapy in which the therapist suggests to the client that he or she is be...

hypnotic analgesia

n. A reduction in pain caused by suggestions made during a period of induced hypersuggestibility.

hypnotic susceptibility

n. The ease with which or degree to which an individual can be induced to enter a state of hypers...

hypnotizability

n. The ease with which or degree to which an individual can be induced to enter a state of hypers...

hypoactive sexual desire disorder

n. A psychological disorder characterized by the absence of or a deficiency in sexual fantasy and...

hypochondriasis

n. A psychological disorder which is characterized by chronic, irrational preoccupation with fear...

hypochondriasis scale

n. The first clinical scale on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, which was constru...

hypoergastia

n. An archaic term for depression and particularly the depression in bipolar disorder.

hypogeusia

n. Partial disturbance in taste recognition, particularly on tasting sweet, sour, bitter, or salt...

hypoglossal nerve

n. Either of the 12th pair of cranial nerves, which runs from the tongue, lower jaw, front part o...

hypokinesis

n. Abnormally slowed or diminished bodily movement. Also called psychomotor retardation.

hypolexian

n. A person who has inability to read, spell, and write or difficulty in doing so that is indepen...

hypologia

n. Poverty of speech.

hypomania

n. A state of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, usually accompanied by grandiosi...

hypomnesia

n. Significant memory loss that does not reach the level of amnesia.

hypophoria

n. A form of strabismus in which the eye tends to deviate downward, making binocular fixation and...

hypophrenia

n. Mental retardation.

hypophysis

n. The pituitary gland. Also called hypophysis cerebri.

hyposmia

n. A reduced sensitivity to odor which may be general or limited to certain odors. This can be ca...

hyposthenia

n. A general weakening or lack of strength, often caused by severe infections or trauma.

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

n. A system of blood vessels connecting capillaries of the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitar...

hypothalamic syndromes

n. Any of several patterns of reaction to damage to the hypothalamus by tumors, abnormal growth, ...

hypothalamus

n. (HT) A diencephalic brain structure at the level of the third ventricle and underneath the tha...

hypothesis

n. A tentative explanation for some phenomenon or a statement about the relationship between vari...

hypothesis, null

n. The hypothesis that any results subjected to a statistical test will be due to chance processes.

hypothesis testing

n. 1. The general method of science, in which a theory is formulated and subjected to empirical v...

hypothetical construct

n. An explanation for observed phenomena that goes beyond the observed data and makes predictions...

hypothetico-deductive method

n. The scientific method in which an explanatory theory is formulated on the basis of observation...

hypothymia

n. Diminished emotional response, as is often found in depressed individuals.

hypothyroidism

n. An underproduction of thyroxin and/or triiodothyronine by the thyroid gland, which results in ...

hypotonic

adj. Of or relating to muscle relaxation.

hypovolemic thirst

n. Thirst caused by a loss of extracellular liquid as through bleeding or vomiting. Also called e...

hypoxyphilia

n. Sexual arousal resulting from being strangled or otherwise deprived of oxygen.

hysteria

n. Emotional outbursts, suggestibility, and conversion symptoms which once were considered a diso...

hysteria scale

n. The third clinical scale on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), which was ...

hysterical

adj. Characterized by excessive emotion, emotional outbursts, suggestibility, and conversion symp...

hysterical blindness

n. Loss or deterioration of visual perception without any apparent physical problem in the physio...

hysterical paralysis

n. The loss of function of voluntary muscles without any apparent physical cause, which is attrib...

hysterical personality

n. An enduring pattern of personal adjustment characterized by emotional outbursts, suggestibilit...