D

▶ See DIARY METHODS

n. The inability to distinguish between red and green usually due to a recessive genetic defect o...

n. A form of psychotherapy in which any kind of dance is used as a way to bring people into the p...

n. An increased sensitivity to light caused by the expansion of the pupils and the replacement of...

n. The sensation of dim light produced by random electrical activity (impulses) in the retinal ce...

n. The relative level of success of different genotypes in surviving, reproducing, and caring for...

n. Evolution by means of natural selection as described by Charles Darwin. Genetic discoveries an...

n. Any information acquired through the senses, in the course of research, or in any other manner.

n. Any process of data analysis that is derived from patterns in the data rather than imposed fro...

n. A fantasy or dreamlike thought pattern that occurs while a person is awake and markedly remove...

n. A hearing loss that has no known physical mechanism.

n. Hearing loss caused by damage to or deterioration of the inner ear or any part of the auditory...

n. Generally defined, death anxiety is fear of death; it is often concerned with one’s own death ...

n. An individual's fundamental need to die. This concept, also called Thanatos, was developed by ...

n. An individual's specific desire to return to a preorganic state. A part of the more comprehens...

n. 1. The process of discussing their participation with research participants in order to assure...

n. 1. Any process in which something is removed from a category. 2. In social psychology, the pro...

n. The process of removing emotional investment from an object.

n. A memory theory in which short-lived traces of sensory experiences are created in the brain bu...

n. The process of taking another point of view which can be either the point of view of another p...

n. Misleading another through lies, withholding of information, or actions intended to convey a f...

n. A rigidity of the body which occurs when the cerebrum is disconnected from the rest of the bra...

n. (dB) A logarithmic unit in a scale of loudness or sound pressure level (SPL) equal to one-tent...

n. The process of choosing between two or more alternatives which involves numerous cognitive pro...

n. A family of theories which attempt to describe and explain how humans and other organisms and ...

n. Knowledge that can be recalled or expressed verbally, in contrast to implicit knowledge, which...

n. Knowledge that can recalled and expressed verbally in contrast to implicit memory such as how ...

n. Decoding is the process of converting a word,s printed (orthographic) information (i.e., the l...

n. rules that govern the interpretation and perception of emotion. These are learned, culturally ...

n. A from of critical analysis of texts focusing on the relative coherence or clarity and interna...

n. The surgical removal of the cortex of the brain while leaving the rest of the brain intact.

n. 1. A conclusion reached through a logical process of application of general principles to a pa...

n. Logical analysis through a process of the application of general principles to particular case...

n. A form of acquired dyslexia in which people have difficulty reading nonword letter strings, ma...

n. Deep structure is the underlying hierarchical structure for a sentence generated by phrase str...

n. In psychoanalysis, any of a number of strategies the ego employs to prevent the energy of an u...

n. The misperception or ignoring of a stimulus that would be threatening to a person. Thus a pers...

n. A bias in estimating the probability of a threatening event so as to minimize the perceived th...

n. (df) The number of elements that can vary in a statistical calculation or the number of scores...

n. The process of reducing human beings to something less than human, which can be a mental exerc...

n. A mental process whereby a person who harms someone reduces the value of the victim in his or ...

n. The process of losing one,s sense of individual agency, which results in altered perceptual an...

n. The uncanny sense that one has already been through the same experience before or seen the sam...

n. A tic disorder characterized by a combination of facial tics and vocal tics which may be yelps...

n. A form of classical conditioning in which the duration of the conditioned stimulus is graduall...

n. An experimental procedure in which a speaker hears his or her own speech through headphones af...

n. A form of classical conditioning in which the duration of the conditioned stimulus is graduall...

n. The process of restraining impulses to act for immediate reward in order to carry out plans fo...

n. An experimental procedure in which a subject is presented with a sample stimulus and then afte...

n. An operant conditioning procedure in which reward is delayed for some period after a response ...

n. A form of sleep disorder characterized by inability to fall asleep and subsequent sleepiness o...

n. A short period of disturbed perception and thought which often mimics psychosis. Symptoms can ...

n. (DTs) The delirium characteristic of alcohol withdrawal, which can be life threatening if untr...

n. A high-amplitude, low-frequency wave (1-3 Hz) of electrical activity in the brain measured by ...

n. A fixed false belief. Delusions are beliefs that are held with absolute certainty in spite of ...

n. A belief that one's body or mind or the external world has ceased to exist.

n. A fixed false belief where the individual believes that he or she is an important figure in so...

n. A fixed false belief where the individual believes that he or she is in some way being singled...

n. A fixed false belief where the individual believes that he or she is in some way the object of...

n. Demand characteristics are aspects of a research study that cue participants to the objectives...

n. A clinical syndrome characterized by deterioration in intellectual ability sufficient to inter...

n. A pervasive general deterioration of mental functioning caused by cortical atrophy due to AIDS...

n. An archaic term for schizophrenia.

n. The study of populations with regard to geographic distribution and characteristics such as et...

n. The branching portion of a neuron which extends from the cell body to synapses with the axons ...

n. A primitive defense mechanism where the individual wards off unwanted emotions and experiences...

n. A crescent-shaped strip of gray matter running from the hippocampus to the entorhinal formation.

n. (DNA) A nucleic acid which forms long chains containing the genetic information of all cellula...

n. In physiology, dependence is a state in which the body has adjusted its metabolic processes to...

n. 1. The habitual use of a drug to cope with daily life so that without the drug the person suff...

n. A pervasive and enduring pattern of adjustment which is characterized by an unrealistic desire...

n. The outcome factor or variable of interest in an experiment that is compared to determine whet...

n. A state of mind in which a person,s experiences seem strange, unreal, and foreign to him or he...

n. A disorder characterized by a prolonged state of mind in which a person's experiences seem str...

n. A reduction in the normal difference in electrovalence inside and outside a cell wall and espe...

n. A state of mind characterized by negative mood, low energy, loss of interest in usual activiti...

n. Depression which arises from internal causes rather than as a reaction to external circumstances.

n. A family of disorders, all of which involve a state of mind characterized by negative mood, lo...

n. A period of time in which a person experiences persistent negative mood, low energy, pessimism...

n. A period of negative mood, low energy, loss of interest in usual activities, pessimism, unreal...

n. The degree to which a stimulus is processed at different levels of mind which affects the like...

n. The hypothesis that memory is dependent on the degree of thoroughness with which an experience...

n. The capacity to make accurate judgments of depth from sensory clues. Visual cues such as paral...

n. 1. An average or usual range of values for a variable used as a standard for comparison as in ...

n. Empirical research which seeks to describe, categorize, and count usually in naturalistic sett...

n. Any numerical index used to describe an aspect of a data set including statistics such as the ...

n. The process of lessening physical or emotional reactivity to a stimulus which may be through r...

n. A procedure to produce a lessened emotional and physical reactivity to a stimulus such as redu...

n. A research strategy in which an experimenter systematically varies one or more independent var...

n. An experimental design in which two or more independent variables are simultaneously and syste...

n. A philosophical point of view which supposes that there are specific causes to all events such...

n. The process of removing poisonous substances from a person. The substance is usually a drug su...

n. The score of an individual on a test of development compared to the average scores on the test...

n. A marked impairment in the development of motor coordination that interferes with academic or ...

n. A family of developmental disorders characterized by profound impairment in several areas of d...

n. Any particular act or ability in physical or mental development that is obvious and predictabl...

n. The average levels of developments associated with children at a particular age.

n. A person holding a doctoral degree in developmental psychology or a closely related degree who...

n. A subfield of psychology that draws upon the knowledge base and expertise of many different di...

n. Acting or being different from the norm in some measurable way.

n. The sum of all deviations from the mean divided by the number of the deviations ineluded in th...

n. An intelligence quotient (IQ) calculated using comparisons to the mean and standard deviations...

n. The difference between an observed score and the mean of scores, calculated by subtracting the...

n. The square root of the average of the squared differences from the mean of a set of numbers.

n. The categorization of a person's symptoms into one or more than one of an official set of dise...

n. The process of deciding among different possible categories of disorders for assignment to the...

n. (DSM, DSM-IV-TR) A publication of the American Psychiatric Association containing lists of men...

n. A structured conversation between a professional and a client in which the object is to reach ...

n. The quality of predicting something else. Thus the presence of hallucinations predicts the pre...

n. A variety of a language that is used by a certain subgroup within the group that uses the lang...

n. A form of thinking in which it is assumed that there are contrary points of view on all topics...

n. Diary methods refer to a collection of procedures used in the psychological sciences in which ...

n. A hypothesis about the cause of certain disorders that argues that specific genetic factors pr...

n. A member of the benzodiazepine family of drugs which is a central nervous system depressant an...

adj. Of or relating to a difference in sound reaching the left and right ears, as in a dichotic l...

n. The simplest type of categorical variable in which there are only two possible values or level...

n. The bottom or central part of the forebrain including the thalamus, basal ganglia, hypothalamu...

n. The smallest difference in perceptual intensity that can be discriminated, usually using 75% a...

n. The smallest difference in perceptual intensity that can be discriminated, usually using 75% a...

n. The presentation of two or more discrim- inable stimuli in different orders with different sch...

n. The differences in validity of an individual test item for different groups of people, which c...

n. The branch of psychology that studies differences in mental functioning between individuals, g...

n. The establishment of different schedules of reinforcement for different behaviors so as to inc...

n. The establishment of different schedules of reinforcement for different behaviors so as to inc...

n. The establishment of schedules of reinforcement that depend on rapid response after onset of t...

n. The establishment of a schedule of reinforcement in which the time lag between signal and beha...

n. The establishment of different schedules of reinforcement for different behaviors so as to dec...

n. The capacity of a test battery to predict differences in performance on two or more criterion ...

n. A type of temperament that is characterized by an intense, irregular, withdrawing style that i...

n. A state in which an individual perceives her/his own responsibility as less than usual because...

n. A test of short-term memory in which a person is asked to recall random strings of digits; it ...

n. A subtest included in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) in which a person has to tr...

n. A game in which each player is forced to choose between an option which gives her/ him high re...

n. A type of control in which the self acts as an agent, and individuals feel themselves to be mo...

n. Forgetting that occurs after having been instructed to forget something. It is used to contras...

n. A statistical test whose criterion for rejection of the null hypothesis is that the observed s...

n. Utterances in which the meaning is contained in the structure of the utterance as in "There is...

n. A point of view originating in Gestalt psychology that processes of learning and problem solvi...

n. A variable which for certain values or between certain values of the variable does not vary co...

n. 1. In attribution theory, the idea that the contribution of a particular cause to a particular...

n. A discourse (also text) is a series of connected sentences that have internal organization and...

n. Discourse analysis is the study of the principles underlying the organization of discourse, a ...

n. A variable that may take on only one of a number of possible values; as such, discrete variabl...

n. The quality of being discernible from something else by an observer.

n. A branch of statistics that uses multiple variables to classify individuals or groups into cla...

n. Discriminant validity, a type of construct validity, is the extent to which a measure can effe...

n. 1. The capacity to distinguish among different stimuli. 2. Differential treatment of different...

n. A form of conditioning in which the organism must make a correct discrimination among stimuli ...

n. In conditioning, a response that is made to one stimulus but not to another, usually similar one.

n. In operant conditioning, a stimulus which signals a change in the probability of reinforcement...

n. 1. A lessening of the normal level of control over actions often due to the presence of alcoho...

n. A formal concept based on a set of attributes not all of which need to be present in all insta...

n. An impaired capacity to perceive one's place in time, space, or situation. Long-term disorient...

n. The small differences between the images cast on the right and left retinas, which is used as ...

n. The degree of scatter among a number of data points. Also called spread or deviation.

n. A defense mechanism whereby unwanted emotions are redirected to a "safer" recipient. For examp...

n. 1. In ethology, a species-specific stereotyped set of postures and movements used to convey in...

n. 1. In humans the social mores governing the display of emotion depending on social circumstanc...

Definition. n. When trying to explain a person’s behavior (what is referred to in psychology as m...

n. Dispositional inference refers to the process by which the perceiver infers a correspondent tr...

n. Recurrent intentions to think, feel, act, or react in a particular way which is unique to the ...

n. A disorder characterized by inability to remember important personal information often of a st...

n. A family of disorders all of which are characterized by a mental disconnection in memory, iden...

n. A disorder characterized by sudden unplanned flight from one's usual circumstances coupled wit...

n. A disorder characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personalities or identities i...

n. A research disorder not yet granted official status as a disorder in DSM-IV-TR characterized b...

n. A process of reducing the anxiety caused by the incompatibility of two or more ideas, experien...

n. The theory that people have a positive need to maintain consistency in their mental maps of th...

n. Distal defense is a strategy used to defend against a psychological threat that does not appea...

n. The actual object or source of sensory stimulation from which light is reflected, sound or odo...

n. Any of several types of sensory neurons that can receive information from a distance such as r...

n. A stimulus or task that has nothing to do with the task or activity of interest, which serves ...

n. A learning procedure in which practice is spread over time with nonpractice intervals between ...

n. The values a variable may take and their dispersal.

n. The distribution of the number of one of two outcomes in repeated trials of a task which has o...

n. Any distribution of the summed squares of the deviates of a normally distributed variable or a...

n. A graphical presentation of a data set that presents frequency on the j-axis and the value or ...

n. A graphic representation of the frequency distribution of the F statistic with a given number ...

adj. Making no assumptions about the distribution of a population.

n. Any inferential statistic which makes no assumptions about the distribution of the population ...

n. A graphic representation of relationship between the value of a variable and the frequency wit...

n. A graphic representation of relationship between the value of a variable grouped into ranges a...

► See NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

n. A graphic representation of relationship between the value of a variable and the frequency wit...

n. Any distribution that results from taking samples from a population.

n. 1. Justice relative to the distribution of goods and services within a society such that each ...

adj. 1. Of or relating to a period of approximately 24 hours or the course of 1 day. 2. Active or...

n. A form of imaginative thought in which numerous possible solutions to a problem are generated ...

adj. Arising from or relating to two separate embryos.

n. Two children sharing a gestation period within the same womb and conceived by two separate uni...

n. Deoxyribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid which forms long chains containing the genetic informati...

adj. Of or relating to something that applies only in a specific and delimited environment.

n. The relative importance of one cerebral hemisphere in the performance of a specific task. Thus...

n. A relatively stable rank ordering of prestige, authority, and access to goods or services with...

n. A gene whose expression takes precedence over another gene in the same cell or organism which ...

n. A trait whose genes take precedence in expression over the genes of another trait in the same ...

Definition. n. The door-in-the-face (DITF) technique is used to elicit a desired behavior via a t...

n. (C8H11NO2) A catecholamine neurotransmitter and hormone that is important in controlling motor...

n. The theory that overactivity in dopaminergic systems is the cause of schizophrenia; that is wh...

n. The theory that overactivity in dopaminergic systems is the cause of schizophrenia; that is wh...

n. The theory that dopaminergic pathways are primarily involved in the positive symptoms of schiz...

adj. Toward the spine or the back of an organism with a spinal column and toward the top of the b...

n. Any of the many short pathways into which sensory nerve fibers divide near their point of atta...

adj. Of or relating to an experimental design in which both researcher and subject are ignorant o...

n. An experimental design in which both researcher and subject are ignorant of which experimental...

n. A study with an experimental design in which both researcher and subject are ignorant of which...

n. An experimental technique in which both researcher and subject are ignorant of the particular ...

n. A failure of visual convergence so that a person sees different images with the two eyes which...

n. A congenital condition characterized by mild to severe mental retardation, pleasant dispositio...

n. A tendency of people to compare themselves to others who are worse off than they are as a way ...

n. (d') In signal detection theory, a measure of signal detection (or perception) independent of ...

n. A projective test in which the subject is asked to draw a person on a blank sheet of paper and...

The word dream has four interrelated meanings that follow one from the other. First, a dream is a...

n. 1. The act or any of numerous processes of inferring meaning from the content of dreams. 2. Th...

n. In psychoanalysis the process of constructing a dream, which involves imagining the satisfacti...

n. 1. An inferred process of motivation which energizes a person and directs him or her toward a ...

n. 1. In some learning theories the idea that all motivated behavior is directed toward the reduc...

n. Drive-reduction theory, also known as drive theory, is a perspective on human motivation as th...

n. The motivating power of an inferred motivational drive, which can be operationally defined as ...

n. Differential reinforcement of low rate of responding.

n. Differential reinforcement of other behaviors besides the target behavior.

n. The use of a drug in a manner so as to cause recurrent adverse consequences to the person usin...

n. A state in which a person is both physiologically and psychologically dependent on a drug. Thu...

n. A state in which an organism's metabolism has shifted to deal with the chronic presence of a d...

n. The revised fourth edition of a publication of the American Psychiatric Association containing...

n. 1. The hypothesis that linguistic information is coded in both visual and linguistic formats i...

n. The belief proposed by the French philosopher Rene Descartes that there are two kinds of thing...

n. A disorder characterized by the presence of two distinct personalities or identities in the sa...

n. An authentic smile characterized by symmetrical upturns of the corners of both sides of the mo...

n. A post hoc multiple comparison procedure in which several means are ranked from lowest to high...

n. A term coined by Paul Ekman, it refers to the enjoyment that some people feel when they believ...

n. The hypothesis that in pluralistic settings groups of like-minded people tend to group togethe...

n. Difficulty or distortion in performing voluntary movements, as in tic, ballism, chorea, spasm,...

n. A form of difficulty and distortion in voluntary movements characterized by tremor and rhythmi...

n. A difficulty or inability to read, spell, and write independent of general intelligence and th...

n. A mood characterized by sadness, dissatisfaction, and sometimes motor agitation.

n. A state characterized by sadness, dissatisfaction, and sometimes motor agitation.

n. A mental disorder characterized by chronic mild depression including sleep and appetite distur...

n. 1. Any abnormality or degenerative disorder arising from lack of adequate nutrition. 2. Any of...