B

n. Prespeech sound such as mamama or dadada made by infants beginning at about the age of 6 month...

n. Babbling is one of the landmark developmental stages in first language acquisition. During the...

n. Also referred to as the plantar response, the Babinski reflex is a newborn reflex whereby the ...

► See motherese

n. Any short utterance such as uh-huh, yeah, or right produced while the other person in a conver...

n. A back translation is a translation, back into the original, of a text that had been previousl...

n. An association formed by presenting a neutral stimulus after an unconditioned stimulus. This s...

n. A learning procedure in which a neutral stimulus is presented after an unconditioned stimulus....

n. Backward masking is a form of masking in which the target (i.e., a to-be-identified item) temp...

n. A term used to describe an individual who has the same fluency in two languages, typically wit...

n. A theory in social cognition in which people are noted to create and be comfortable with cogni...

n. In social psychology and political science, an accelerating tendency of more and more individu...

n. The illusion that a cylinder with spiral markings, such as a barber's pole, appears to be movi...

► See cannon-bard theory

n. The tendency of people to believe vague and general predictions or comments about them are bot...

n. Pressure-sensitive nerve cell in the heart and large arteries that sends impulses toward the h...

n. The area at the bottom of the forebrain near the hypothalamus which includes the nucleus basal...

n. Three pairs of nuclei at the base of the cerebral cortex including the caudate nuclei, puta- m...

n. The average minimal expenditure of energy of a body awake and at rest. It is measured after fa...

n. The average of a variable over time before any experimental intervention; it is used to compar...

n. The naturally occurring frequency or average of a variable in a population within a given peri...

n. The basic emotion theory claims that there is a core set of emotions, referred to as basic emo...

n. A grouping in a natural language system at the level of abstraction at which category members ...

n. Failure to establish a belief in the possibility of satisfying relationships in the first, ora...

n. In Maslow's hierarchy of needs the basic needs are physiological ones such as needs for oxygen...

n. Utilization of the scientific method to discover knowledge for the pure advancement of underst...

n. A belief in the possibility of need satisfying relationships attained during the first, oral- ...

n. The first of Erik Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development, this stage, which occurs...

n. The fibrous membrane on the organ of Corti in the inner ear, which vibrates with changes in ai...

n. The universal human tendency to feel good when one can associate one's self with persons or gr...

n. A child who has been physically abused, usually in a serious or prolonged manner.

n. A constellation of physical and behavioral symptoms characteristic of children who have been p...

n. A theoretical term for a large constellation of nonspecific mental and behavioral symptoms ass...

n. Statistical inference based on Bayes' theorem which uses observation to estimate probabilities...

n. In statistics, a formal expression of the probability that one event will occur, given that an...

n. A widely used set of scales to measure child development from birth to 3- years of age with me...

n. (BDI II) A self-report inventory for persons over the age of -3 years consisting of 2- multipl...

n. The discharge of urine during sleep. Bedwetting normally occurs until a child's bladder grows ...

n. All the activities that living organisms exhibit. Some research strategies limit the definitio...

adj. Of or relating to the activities of an organism, most commonly used to describe the gross be...

n. A research methodology designed to examine a target behavior critically with consideration of ...

n. A quick copying of behavior of a few individuals by those nearby which spreads as a wave among...

n. 1. A pattern of response to reward such that if an organism is given a small reward for a part...

n. The study of the relationships between environment and the behavior of the organisms within it...

n. The interdisciplinary study of relationships among overt behavior, the production and excretio...

n. The restraint of tendencies to act along with environmental monitoring. As a temperament, this...

n. An alteration of the contingencies of reinforcement so as to bring about a desired alteration ...

n. A behavior-based rating of job performance in which it is behaviorally described systematicall...

n. A multidisciplinary field including physicians, nurses, social workers, psychologists, counsel...

n. 1. A therapeutic approach in which desired behavior is modeled for a client who learns vicario...

n. Any of the social sciences that attempt to study and understand behavior.

n. The study of the behavioral changes brought about by exposure to toxic substances. The field h...

n. The observation and modification of behavior through environmental manipulation so as to produ...

n. A behavior modification option whereby a student makes a formal written agreement with the the...

n. 1. A pattern of response to reward such that if an organism is given a small reward for a part...

n. 1. A field of study and practice within child psychology that examines maladaptive child behav...

n. The study of the heredity of behavior patterns in humans and other animals using a multidiscip...

n. An approach to psychology which limits itself to a description of relationships between observ...

n. A person who adopts a learning approach to social and psychological problems limiting himself ...

adj. Of or like a behavioral approach.

n. Application of operant conditioning principles to individual cases. This has been applied prim...

n. In ecological psychology, the interaction of social, physical, and ecological situations with ...

n. The use of classical and operant conditioning principles to bring about therapeutic change. Te...

n. A belief is a proposition that is regarded as true. A belief may be factually correct (“The wo...

n. Atropine or hyoscyamine, both of which are derived from deadly nightshade plant. They were use...

n. The graphical representation of a normal distribution which appears as a unimodal (single-peak...

► See WECHSLER-BELLEVUE SCALES

n. The observation that motor neurons have their roots in the ventral or front side of the spinal...

n. Paralysis due to problems with one of the seventh pair of cranial (facial) nerves, which contr...

n. (BSRI) A measure of masculine and feminine sex roles which adopts the point of view that sex r...

n. A test in which subjects copy nine line drawings as accurately as possible onto a blank sheet ...

n. A theoretical viewpoint which considers relationships between the expenditure of time, energy,...

n. A family of addictive central nervous system depressants drugs which are used to treat anxiety...

n. 1. The state of having a loved one die. 2. The emotional reaction to the death of a loved one,...

n. In probability, the outcome of an experiment with two possible outcomes and a known probabilit...

n. A forerunner of modern personality inventories published in 1931, which was one of the first t...

n. The practice of humans' having sex with nonhuman animals. This often is considered a deviation...

n. (β) 1. In statistics the symbol for failing to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypoth...

n. A drug which blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, which are found in the central nervous system, ...

n. A multiplicative constant in a regression equation which reflects the relative contribution of...

n. A form of white blood cell formed in lymph tissues which creates antibodies upon contacting an...

n. A pattern of electrical activity in the brain characteristic of normal, awake alertness as mea...

n. In analysis of variance (ANOVA), the portion of the total variance in a dependent variable tha...

n. In research design, an experiment in which different groups of subjects are treated differentl...

n. Bicultural identity is the condition of identifying with (i.e., having strong attachment and l...

n. Biculturalism is the condition of having or endorsing two cultures. Although the term bircultu...

n. The five factor model (FFM) of personality traits, popularly called the “big five,” refers to ...

n. Sounds articulated with both lips are bilabial. English has three bilabial sounds in its phone...

n. Improvement of a skill on one side of the body when the other side of the body receives traini...

n. A bilingual is any individual with communication skills in two languages. Those skills may rep...

n. This term describes the ability to function in two or more languages in everyday life. Each la...

n. A statistical distribution of data in which there are two distinct peaks or modes (as contrast...

adj. Of or relating to hearing with both ears at the same time, as opposed to monaural hearing wi...

n. The difference in time between the arrival of a sound pressure wave at one eardrum as opposed ...

n. 1. Attachment of a neurotransmitter to a receptor site on a dendrite. 2. In psychoanalysis, a ...

n. As defined by the current edition of the DSM-IV-TR, an episode of binge eating is characterize...

n. Binge-eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating in the absence of...

adj. Of or relating to the simultaneous use of two eyes in seeing.

n. A difference in the pattern of light striking each of the retinas (retinal disparity) or the p...

n. The differences in the retinal images between the two eyes in viewing a three-dimensional scen...

n. The union of the slightly different views of each eye into a single image in the mind.

n. Any visual image using the combined information of both eyes.

n. A state in which the two eyes are unable to fuse what they see into a single perception; the v...

n. A form of three-dimensional perceiving made possible by depth cues when using both eyes and fu...

1. adj. Having two separate possible outcomes.2. n. Any collection containing two distinct kinds ...

n. A probability test to see whether a sample in which each member has two possible outcomes resu...

n. The field of study whose object is communication through sound by living organisms. The field ...

n. The practical science of creating artificial replacements for damaged body parts. This include...

n. A procedure involving measuring biological processes and converting the information to a form ...

n. Using biofeedback techniques to solve medical and psychological problems. Biofeedback has been...

adj. Produced by naturally occurring processes in living organisms, of biological origin.

n. Any of a large family of chemicals with an amine group created within organisms including the ...

n. An inferred mechanism of mind which explains the capacity of organisms to follow predictable c...

n. In sexuality studies, the idea that sexual characteristics and behavior are determined by gene...

n. The science that studies the areas of overlap between biology and psychology and the interacti...

n. Any predictable pattern in an organism's functioning over time. Rhythms are noted in areas suc...

n. A level of explanation in psychology which describes mood, personality, and behavior through t...

n. The science that studies the areas of overlap between biology and psychology and the interacti...

n. A view of development as a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social proces...

n. Any predictable pattern in an organism's functioning over time. Rhythms are noted in areas suc...

n. A family of psychopathologies characterized by wide swings in emotional state or mood. Bipolar...

n. A cell located in back of the retina with only one dendrite branch and one axon, which connect...

n. Bipolar I disorder or bipolar II disorder in which there are more than four episodes of depres...

n. A family of disorders characterized by swings from depression to mania or hypoma- nia includin...

n. A psychopathology characterized by at least one manic episode with or without depressive perio...

n. A psychopathology characterized by depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes whi...

n. The ordinal position of a child in a family with more than one child. Birth order is a seconda...

n. The supposition that ordinal position in a family has an influence on personality. Numerous th...

n. A measure of relationship between a continuous variable and a dichotomous one.

adj. 1. Having the characteristic of being aroused by or engaging in sexual activities with both ...

adj. Of or relating to two variables or characteristics.

n. The relationship between two variables ignoring the effects of any other variables.

n. Any statistic which describes the relationship between two variables, especially correlations.

n. A set of 12 cartoon pictures depicting a dog called Blacky in human-like situations used as a ...

n. The tendency of people to find fault with the weaker party in a dispute even or especially if ...

n. A lack of visual perception which can be partial or total. Legal blindness is defined as visua...

n. Loss of vision, associated with anatomically and structurally intact eyes and intact anterior ...

n. Loss or deterioration of visual perception without any apparent physical problem in the physio...

n. Loss or deterioration of visual perception without any apparent physical problem in the physio...

n. The capacity of some fully or partially blind individuals to detect and react to visual stimul...

n. 1. In vision the portion of the retina which has no light receptors where the optic nerve and ...

n. An involuntary, rapid closing of the eye in response to rapid change in the visual field or ey...

n. A research design in which subject variables are treated as independent variables by assigning...

n. 1. An intelligence subtest on the Wechsler intelligence scales in which subjects have to copy ...

n. A bar graph, histogram, or flowchart using blocked areas to designate frequency or amount.

n. 1. In classical conditioning the prevention or reduction in the strength of an association bet...

n. The proportion of alcohol as a percentage of total blood fluid. In most of the United States a...

n. The proportion of alcohol as a percentage of total blood fluid. In most of the United States a...

n. A semipermeable membrane lining capillaries which supply blood to the brain which blocks most ...

n. A dulling or absence of normal affective expression and experience which is a common symptom o...

n. A psychological disorder in which a person is excessively preoccupied with an imaginary or min...

n. A person's mental representation of his or her own body and its function, attractiveness, and ...

n. The conveyance of information by bodily postures, movements, and facial expressions. Also call...

n. A Guttmann-type scale in which persons are asked whether they would be willing to participate ...

n. In bogus pipeline studies, social psychologists deceive participants by (falsely) making them ...

n. The process of creating and strengthening close personal relationships, especially between inf...

n. In hearing, the transmission of sound through the bones of the skull to the middle ear and inn...

n. In statistics a correction in making statistical inferences which takes into account the numbe...

n. 1. In social psychology, an attitude change in the opposite direction of that desired in commu...

n. 1. Any procedure for creating a criterion or process using some sample of the data to be measu...

n. 1. The process of engaging in a bootstrap operation which is creating a criterion or process u...

1. adj. Difficult to categorize as a result of having characteristics, affordances, or aspects of...

n. Having an IQ in a range between that considered normal and that considered significantly abnor...

n. A persistent and pervasive pattern of personal adjustment characterized by instability in inte...

n. Any process of analysis which begins with data and seeks pattern or meaning: inductive reasoni...

n. The idea that humans are predictably rational in their decision making given their limited kno...

n. A data display which shows a line anchored by the extreme scores and a box in the middle with ...

n. Abnormally slow bodily movement along with fewer than normal spontaneous movements.

n. A system of writing using patterns of small bumps read with the fingers which was created for ...

n. Usually understood as hemispheric specialization. -AA ► See also hemispheric specialization

n. Any damage of a portion of the brain leading to cell death or cessation of neuronal function r...

n. The enlarged area at the top of the spinal column that connects the spinal cord with the cereb...

n. A technique for promoting creativity and problem solving through the spontaneous generation of...

n. A process of attempting drastic change in attitudes and beliefs through prolonged coercive tac...

n. Rhythmic patterns in the gross electrical activity of the brain as measured by an electroencep...

n. A neonatal scale of development which assesses neurological and behavioral development from bi...

n. Chronic sleep disruption caused by breathing difficulties such as sleep apnea and central alve...

n. The Y-shaped junction on the top of the skull between the frontal bone and the two parietal bo...

n. Any of numerous approaches to psychotherapy which generally require 10 to 20 sessions or fewer...

n. A mental disorder characterized by the sudden onset of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized...

n. The perceived intensity of light, which depends on objective intensity, wavelength, the state ...

n. A tendency in humans to perceive familiar objects to have the same brightness regardless of ch...

n. Differences in perceived brightness when a stimulus is presented against backgrounds of contra...

n. An archaic name for somatization disorder. 

n. Broca's area, named after the French surgeon and anthropologist Pierre Paul Broca(1861), who f...

n. Any of about 200 areas of the cerebral cortex whose cell structure and density are different f...

n. In rodents, the miscarriage of a pregnancy within the first few days after fertilization cause...

n. Simplified or schematic line drawings of faces in which parameters such as eye separation and ...

n. An index of perceptual constancy given by the ratio (R - S)/(O - S), where R is perceived magn...

n. Habitual grinding of the teeth and especially during sleep.

► See also TYPE B PERSONALITY

adj. Of or relating to the cheeks or the cavity of the mouth.

n. A temporary memory or store of information for short periods, as in the working memory in the ...

n. Bulimia nervosa, first described as a variant of anorexia nervosa, was identified in 1979 but ...

n. A derisive term used to ridicule points of view in psychology that perception is no more than ...

n. The observation that the reaction of any photoreactive chemical or pigment is a function of th...

n. A state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion following prolonged effort and stress al...

n. An anxiolytic drug (buspirone hydrochloride, Buspar) which lessens anxiety without producing s...

n. A type of older antipsychotic drug including haloperidol used primarily in cases of schizophre...

n. The bystander effect is a well-established social psychological phenomenon whereby an individu...

n. A tendency for people not to offer to help strangers when others are present, which has been a...

n. The most common unit of information processing capacity, equal to eight consecutive bits or sw...